The Revolt Defeated 221remained in Prague, among them Ruppa and Budowetz, where a decla-
ration was made that they recognised Ferdinand as their lawful king and
asked for a pardon. Publicly Maximilian promised to intercede for them,
but privately he advised Ferdinand to be severe:
If Your Majesty does not take this opportunity to remove all the
ringleaders from the scene, to punish them as they deserve and as
an example to others, and at the same time to take back the forfeit
privileges from which all this trouble sprang, then Your Majesty can
expect one problem after another. Your Majesty should not be mis-
led by the intercession I put forward on behalf of the Estates of this
province, which you requested that I should not publicly refuse. The
situation is ripe; the iron is hot. Your Majesty must not miss the time
and the opportunity, as our opponents are vigilant and unyielding.^46On 17 November, the day after writing this letter, Maximilian felt
able to go home, so having first installed Prince Karl Liechtenstein as
deputy commissioner in his place he departed for Munich, leaving mil-
itary mopping-up operations, including the occupation of the rest of
Bohemia, to others. Johann Georg of Saxony had waited until the Impe-
rialist and League forces had invaded Bohemia and looked to be gaining
the upper hand before he made any move himself, whereupon Lusatia
had quickly surrendered, and over the winter he completed his con-
quest of Silesia. The Silesian commander, the margrave of Jägerndorf,
was determined to continue resistance, but he moved into Moravia
early in 1621, pursued by units of Bucquoy’s army, while Johann Georg
took a conciliatory line in the territories he had occupied. Although he
imposed fines he was able both to guarantee the rights of the Protes-
tants there, and to coerce the reluctant Ferdinand into accepting this,
as well as sparing the estates the reprisals which took place in Bohemia
and Moravia.^47
The invasion of the Palatinate
Under the terms of the Ulm treaty earlier in the year both sides had been
required to withdraw their forces immediately from the area, and not to
replace them there.^48 This not only freed Maximilian to move towards
Bohemia, but also removed the threat of the Union army close to the
border of his Bavarian homeland when Ansbach marched it off to the
Lower Palatinate. This part of the electorate comprised a patchwork of
territories on the western side of the Rhine, extending from just north of