Abdali, Ahmad Shah, 11
Abdul Haq, Commander, 208, 214, 264
Abdul Rahman Khan, Amir, 12, 82
Abdul Wali, Sardar, 190
Abdullah, Dr, 261, 265, 274
Abdullah, Sayid, 28
Abou Zahab, Mariam, 226
Abouchar, Jacques, 92
Adkin, Mark, 73, 80, 81, 147, 175, 176,
178
afgantsy(Soviet war veterans), 55, 160
Afghan
use of in text, 8
identification as, 8–9
society, 8–11, 13–15
state, 11–17
Afghan army, 30, 44–5, 61, 201, 297
Khalq–Parcham rivalry, 45
operational relations with Soviet
army, 52–3
Najibullah and, 188–93
Afghan civil war, 195
‘Afghan Interests Protection Service’
seeAGSA
Afghan Millat, 26, 75
Afghan resistance, 57–84, 181
Arab reactions, 81–3
consolidation, 177–8
fracturing of, 174–7
Geneva Accords, 141–2
grassroots and tribal nature of, 60–2
international support, 76–84
Islam as a basis for resistance, 58–60
morale, 167
Pakistan, role of, 66–76
political parties of, 62–4
regional commanders, 64–5
see alsomilitias, mujahideen
Afghan Transit Trade Agreement
(1965), 235
Afghani, Mulla Muhammad Masum,
225, 232–3
Afghanistan
cultural heritage, 205, 230, 240–1, 256
disintegration of Soviet system, 164
economy, 10, 14, 155–7, 235–6
effect of war on, 154–9
history of state, 11–13
Interim Administration, 270–5
Muslim country, 9
peoples of, 8–9 (see also Tajiks,
Uzbeks, Hazaras, Pushtuns)
political unit, 7
politics in, 10
post-Taliban, 275–83
rural/urban divide, 9–10, 166, 194,
207–9, 232
religion of, 9–10
territorial unit, 6–7
Transitional Authority, 271–2
USSR’s Vietnam, 162
Afghanistan, eastern
military activities (Karmal regime),
86–91,
militias, 110–12
warlords, 208
Afghanistan, northern
military activities (Karmal regime),
86–8
militias, 112–14
warlords, 208
Afghanistan, southern
military activities (Karmal regime),
86–8