Medieval France. An Encyclopedia

form of a complete romance. Although Eilhart’s German text abridges or omits some episodes found in Béroul’s, the two works appe ...

rebellious Guerre du Bien Publique in 1465. It was next granted to Louis’s sainted daughter, Jeanne la Boiteuse, who, repudiated ...

moralizing interpretation. This work, if printed today, would run to over twenty octavo volumes. Bersuire’s usual procedure is t ...

BERTRADE DE MONTFORT (fl. late 11th-early 12th c.). Queen of France. The daughter of Simon I, lord of Montfort, Bertrade was fir ...

[See also: TROUBADOUR POETRY] Bertran de Born. The Poems of the Troubadour Bertran de Born, ed and trans. William D.Paden, Tilde ...

BERZÉ-LA-VILLE . About six miles southeast of the abbey of Cluny lies the small farm or grange of Berzé- la-Ville. In Berzé-la-V ...

figure is more emphasized in the fresco. There seem to be strong connections between Cluny and painting in Rome ca. 1100, with i ...

examples, the salient feature of a bird or animal becomes an allegory for some element in sacred history or the life of Christ, ...

Roman law, pledges or earnest money (arrhae) were often made. In the Middle Ages, families might enter into contracts of betroth ...

unavailable, and wine elsewhere. In neither case was the alcoholic content high; proper storage was difficult and expensive, and ...

Béziers had become a co-seigneurie, five of its bourgs recognizing the sole authority of the bishop. The commune of Béziers firs ...

BIBLE, CHRISTIAN INTERPRETATION OF . Put together over centuries and argued over for longer, full of inconsistencies, contradict ...

Interpretation of the Bible came in a number of forms. Jerome and Augustine, almost exact contemporaries, were foundational for ...

this process of evolution, although it has long been associated with Anselm of Laon. We must, however, bear in mind that each bi ...

(“The literal [or historical] sense teaches us about what things were done; the allegorical sense tells us what we should believ ...

include an allegorical interpretation in the basic meaning of the literal sense. This was, for them, a “commonsense” extension o ...

documents—Mishnah, Talmud, and Midrash—composed in the land of Israel and Babylonia between the 3rd and 6th centuries. The task ...

dialectical method that harmonized Rashi with contradictory authorities in classical rabbinic literature, the composition of pol ...

By the mid-12th century, Rashi’s grandsons, Rabbi Jacob ben Meir of Ramerupt (1100–1171) and Rabbi Samuel ben Meir (Rashbam; 108 ...

in Latin characters. At times, several Old French explanations are proposed for a single biblical phrase. Jewish intellectual ac ...