Medieval France. An Encyclopedia

building houses, granges, and courts, establishing new churches, and converting cash rents into payments in kind. Suger also lea ...

Bur, Michel. Suger, abbé de Saint-Denis, régent de France. Paris: Perrin, 1991. Cartellieri, Otto. Abt Suger von Saint-Denis, 10 ...

T TABELLIONS . Officials, found especially in northern France, who recorded and preserved the acts of judicial bodies. For a lon ...

tailles of their own choosing. In the 15th century, this system of fouages began to be called the taille, and lawyers called it ...

Champion, Pierre. Histoire poétique du XVe siècle. 2 vols. Paris: Champion, 1923, Vol. 1, pp. 285– 338. TALBOT, JOHN (ca. 1388–1 ...

changed along with trade routes and the rise of mercantilism in Europe. Technological innovations took weavers out of the domest ...

Nicolas Bataille. King Arthur tapestry, end of 14th century, 14′×9′ 9 ′′. Courtesy of The Cloisters Collection, Metropolitan Mus ...

wool warp threads could be used, but wool wefts could be used in combination with different fibers, such as gold and silk thread ...

TAPISSIER, JOHANNES (Jean de Noyers); (ca. 1370-ca. 1410). Burgundian court composer in the early 1390s and teacher of choirboys ...

between 1139 and 1145, by Innocent II, Celestine II, and Eugenius III, exempting them from paying tithes and even from the effec ...

Demurger, Alain. Vie et mort de l’ordre du Temple, 1118–1314. Paris: Seuil, 1985. Forey, Alan J. The Military Orders from the Tw ...

Mediterranean markets. The upper price ranges comprised more finely textured, heavier, pure linens and woolens; and the most lux ...

Women carding, spinning, and weaving wool, from a 14th-century manuscript. B.N. fr. 12420, fol. 71. Courtesy of the Bibliothèque ...

there and almost everywhere by women. Even in the fully developed export-oriented woolen draperies of the high and later Middle ...

The most graphic evidence can be found in the rapid decline of the Champagne fairs during the late 13th and early 14th centuries ...

the Early Fourteenth Century, ed. Bruce M.S. Campbell. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1991. ——. Textiles, Towns and Tr ...

good and bad behavior. Farces and fools plays, called sotties, provided collective release by making satirical thrusts at social ...

THEATER, LATIN . Secular Latin plays were produced in the 12th century alongside religious and liturgical drama. Their appearanc ...

THEODULF OF ORLÉANS (ca. 760–821). Born in Spain of Visigothic parents, Theodulf became a member of the Carolingian court in the ...

God speaking directly to the faithful believer. For Christians, direct revelation is the life, death, and resurrection of Jesus ...