of wit, since its performative value lay in the demonstration of an ability to manipulate
language and form that, when successful, brought authority and employment. There is
much to be gained from a comparative study of these Latin versifiers and the troubadours
and trouvères, with whom they overlapped and interacted.
Gerald A.Bond
[See also: BAUDRI OF BOURGUEIL; LATIN POETRY, CAROLINGIAN; LATIN
POETRY, MEROVINGIAN; OVID, INFLUENCE OF]
Hilary of Orléans. Versus et ludi; Epistolae; Ludus Danielis Belouacensis, ed. Walther Bulst and
M.L.Bulst-Thiele. Leiden: Brill, 1989.
Hildebert of Lavardin. Carmina minora, ed. Brian Scott. Leipzig: Teubner, 1969.
McDonough, Christopher James, ed. The Oxford Poems of Hugh Primas and the Arundel Lyrics.
Toronto: Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies, 1985.
Marbode of Rennes. “Liebesbriefgedichte Marbods,” ed. Walter Bulst. In Liber Floridus:
Mittellateinische Studien, ed. Bernhard Bischoff. St. Ottilien: Eos Verlag der Erzabtei, 1950, pp.
287–301.
Serlo of Wilton. Poèmes latins, ed. Jan Öberg. Stockholm: Almqvist and Wiksell, 1965.
Stehling, Thomas, ed. and trans. Medieval Latin Poems of Male Love and Friendship. New York:
Garland, 1984.
Bond, Gerald A. “‘Iocus Amoris’: The Poetry of Baudri of Bourgueil and the Formation of the
Ovidian Subculture.” Traditio 42 (1986):143–93.
Dronke, Peter. “Peter of Blois and Poetry at the Court of Henry II.” Mediaeval Studies 38
(1976):185–235.
Mann, Jill. “Satiric Subject and Satiric Object in Goliardic Literature.” Mittellateinisches Jahrbuch
15 (1980):63–86.
Offermanns, Winfried. Die Wirkung Ovids auf die literarische Sprache der lateinischen
Liebesdichtung des XI. und XII. Jahrhunderts. Wuppertal: Kastellaun, 1970.
Raby, Frederic J.E. A History of Secular Latin Poetry in the Middle Ages. 2nd ed. 2 vols. Oxford:
Clarendon, 1957.
Rigg, George. “Golias and Other Pseudonyms.” Studi medievali 18 (1977):65–109.
Witke, Charles. Latin Satire: The Structure of Persuasion. Leiden: Brill, 1970.
LATIN POETRY, CAROLINGIAN
. Though Charlemagne reigned from 768 to 814, Carolingian Latin poetry spans the
period from 747 (the advent of Pepin the Short and the Carmina of Boniface) to 877 (the
death of Charles the Bald and the Eclogues of Radbod of Utrecht). A capitulary from
Charlemagne, the Epistola de litteris colendis, issued in 787 for the education of the
clergy, characterizes the poetry of the period. Practice in the classic litterarum studia was
to perfect the composition of poems in praise of the Trinity, Jesus, the Virgin, the saints,
holy cities, holy rivers, or ancient Germanic legends. School exercises, called dictamina,
practiced and perfected according to the rules of the Trivium and Quadrivium, were to
serve the study and preaching of Scripture.
Poets of the Roman Empire were models for those of the Holy Roman Empire. A
script, Carolingian minuscule, was developed for copying the texts of the classical
authors. Charles imported palace preceptors to teach the rules of classical prosody in the
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