this early period of his career, Manegold produced commentaries on the Psalms and
Matthew.
By ca. 1082, he had entered the convent at Lautenbach in the Haut-Rhin (near
Guebwiller), where he published ca. 1085 two substantial pamphlets. The Liber contra
Wolfelmum is a tract on the proper Christian approach to pagan learning and a critique of
the support of the emperor Henry IV given by Wolfelm, bishop of Cologne; the Liber ad
Gebehardum vigorously supports the papal cause in the controversy between emperor
and pope. As this region was a stronghold of the emperor, Manegold seems to have found
it expedient to absent himself from Alsace for a few years, and we find him at this time in
the small Bavarian town of Raitenbuch. By 1094, Manegold had returned to Alsace,
where he established, with the patronage of Buchard de Geberschwihr, a house of regular
canons in Marbach, south of Colmar. The special privileges accorded Manegold by Pope
Urban II did not endear him to the emperor, and in 1098 Henry IV imprisoned him for a
time; but within a few years (ca. 1103) Manegold had once again assumed his post as
provost of Marbach, where he seems to have remained until his death.
Mark Zier
[See also: GREGORIAN REFORM; REGULAR CANONS; WILLIAM OF
CHAMPEAUX]
Manegold of Lautenbach. Liber ad Geberhardum, ed. K.Francke. MGH, Libelli de lite I (1891), pp.
308–40.
——. Liber contra Wulfelmum, ed. W.Hartmann. MGH, Quellen zur Geistesgeschichte des
Mittelalters VIII (1972).
Lottin, Odon. “Manegold de Lautenbach, source d’Anselme de Laon.” Recherches de théologie
ancienne et médiévale 14 (1947):218–23.
Robinson, I.S. “The Bible in the Investiture Contest: The South German Gregorian Circle.” In The
Bible in the Medieval World, ed. Katherine Walsh and Diana Wood. Oxford: Blackwell, 1985.
MANSE
. Historians define a manse (Lat. mansus), particularly for the early Middle Ages, as a
farmstead with house, associated buildings, fields, rights in common and forest, and so
on, of sufficient size to support one peasant family, varying in acreage with the
productivity of the soil. In the classical definition of the Carolingian manor or villa, this
peasant holding is often contrasted to the lord’s reserve, the demesne (mansus
indominicatus), on which peasants from the surrounding manses were expected to labor;
in later documents, the old reserve, or demesne, itself appears to have been called a
“manse” or “capmanse” perhaps after it had been cut up into peasant-sized holdings.
Even for the early period, there are difficulties with such a definition because of the
variability of family size and level of subsistence. For instance, if several days of labor
services were owed to the lord by a member or several members of such peasant families,
they may have been fed by the lord on those days; subsistence may have been possible on
some manses only when agriculture was supplemented by the products of forest, river,
and sea. Although the family generally appears to have encompassed only two or at most
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