This creative amalgam of architectural forms derived from the pilgrimage churches,
Burgundian structures, and the unusual vaulting of the crossing from Auvergne points up
the importance of geography in Romanesque architec-ture.
Also in Nevers stand the porch of the early 12th-cen-tury church of Saint-Sauveur
(destroyed in 1838) and the chapel of the convent of Saint-Gildard.
Whitney S.Stoddard/Nina Rowe
Anfray, Marcel. Architecture religieuse du Nivernais au moyen âge: les églises romanes. Paris:
Picard, 1951.
——. La cathédrale de Nevers et les églises gothiques du Nivernais. Paris: Picard, 1964.
Lasteyrie, R.de. L’architecture religieuse en France a l’époque romane. Paris: Picard, 1929.
Locquin, Jean. Nevers et Moulins; Charité-sur-Loire; Saint-Pierre-le-Moûtier; Bourbon-
l’Archambault; Souvigny. Paris: Laurens, 1913.
Serbat, Louis. “Nevers.” Cahiersarchéologiques(Moulins-Nevers) 80 (1913):300–73.
Stoddard, Whitney S. Art and Architecture in Medieval France. New York: Harper and Row, 1972.
NICOLAS DE VERDUN
(fl. late 12th c.). A metalworker, goldsmith, and enameler active in the last quarter of the
12th century, Nicolas de Verdun was one of the most original and important artists of his
generation. Although his name indicates that he was born in Verdun and elements of his
style suggest that he was trained in the Mosan region and northern France, his works are
international in scope and demonstrate a wide-ranging interest in and knowl edge of both
contemporary Byzantine art and western styles. His three most famous surviving works,
all of which are different in style, are the Klosterneuburg altarpiece, originally an ambo,
inscribed with his name and dated 1181, at Klosterneuberg, Austria; the Shrine of the
Three Kings, dated to the 1190s, in Cologne cathedral; and the Shrine of the Virgin, dated
1204, in Tournai cathedral. His son is mentioned as a glass painter at Tournai in the early
13th century.
William W.Clark
[See also: ENAMELING; TOURNAI]
Buschhausen, Helmut. Der verduner Altar. Vienna: Tusch, 1980.
Fillitz, Hermann. “Studien zu Nicolaus von Verdun.” Arte medi-evale 2 (1984):79–91.
Swarzenski, Hanns. “The Style of Nicholas of Verdun: Saint-Amand and Reims.” In Gatherings in
Honor of Dorothy E. Miner, ed. U.E.McCracken, L.M.C.Randall, and R.H. Randall, Jr.
Baltimore: Walters Art Gallery, 1974, pp. 111–14.
NICHOLAS OF CLAMANGES
(of Poillevain; ca. 1360–1437). Nicholas was educated in the Collège de Navarre, Paris,
where he gained an excellent knowledge of Latin literary tradition and developed his own
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