1303, Philip and the pope were locked in sporadic but bitter struggles involving the limits
of secular jurisdiction over ecclesiastics. In the spring of 1303, Philip presided over
assemblies in Paris that charged Boniface with heresy and immorality; in September
1303, the pope was violently attacked in Anagni when Philip’s minister Guillaume de
Nogaret summoned him to submit to the judgment of a council. Clement V, the Gascon-
born cardinal who became pope in 1305, was more to the king’s liking; he granted Philip
many privileges and in 1311 accepted the suppression of the Knights Templar, the
crusading order whose assets Philip had seized in 1307, again because he believed them
guilty of heresy and immorality.
Philip failed to achieve some of his ambitions. He never succeeded in placing a
relative on the imperial throne; his visionary scheme after his wife’s death in 1305 to
become ruler of the Holy Land was abortive. The power he exercised within the kingdom
led, at the end of his reign, to the formation of leagues of disgruntled subjects protesting
his fiscal and monetary policies and demanding the restoration of old customs; his eldest
son and successor, Louis X (r. 1314–16), issued numerous charters to pacify them, and he
sacrificed Philip’s minister Enguerran de Marigny and other officials to their princely
enemies at court. Philip used his three sons and his daughter to advance his own goals.
Isabella married Edward II of England; Louis married Marguerite, daughter of the duke
of Burgundy; Philip’s wife, Jeanne, brought to the crown the county of Bur-gundy;
Jeanne’s mother, Mahaut of Artois, offered a dowry of 100,000 livres to persuade Philip
to accept another daughter, Blanche, as the wife of his youngest son, the future Charles
IV. The imprisonment of Marguerite and Blanche for adultery in 1314 was the first of a
series of tragedies suffered by Philip’s direct descendants. Because of the death of Louis
X’s posthumous son, John I, the product of a second marriage, the throne passed to Philip
V (r. 1316–22); because he left no male heir, he was succeeded by Charles IV (r. 1322–
28), at whose death without male heir the rule of the direct Capetians ended and the
crown passed to the house of Valois.
Elizabeth A.R.Brown
[See also: CHARLES OF VALOIS; JEANNE OF NAVARRE; MARIGNY,
ENGUERRAN DE; NOGARET, GUILLAUME DE]
Bautier, Robert-Henri. “Diplomatique et histoire politique: ce que la critique diplomatique nous
apprend sur la personnalité de Philippe le Bel.” Revue historique 259 (1978):3–27.
Brown, Elizabeth A.R. The Monarchy of Capetian France and Royal Ceremonial. London:
Variorum, 1991.
——. Politics and Institutions in Capetian France. London: Variorum, 1991.
Favier, Jean. Philippe le Bel. Paris: Fayard, 1978.
Strayer, Joseph R. The Reign of Philip the Fair. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1980.
PHILIP V THE TALL
(1290/91–1322). King of France, 1316–22. Known as Magnus and Le Long, Philip
succeeded his brother Louis X and Louis’s posthumous son, John I, in 1316. Second son
of Philip IV the Fair and Jeanne of Champagne and Navarre, Philip in January 1307
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