——. Glosae super Platonem, ed. Édouard Jeauneau. Paris: Vrin, 1965.
——. Philosophia, ed. Gregor Maurach with Heidemarie Telle. Pretoria: University of South
Africa, 1980.
——. Das Moralium dogma philosophorum des Guillaume de Conches, lateinisch, altfranzösich
und mittelnieder-frankisch, ed. John Holmberg. Uppsala: Almqvist and Wiksell, 1929.
Gregory, Tullio. Anima mundi: la filosofia de Guglielmo di Conches e la scuola di Chartres.
Florence: Sansoni, 1955.
Häring, Nikolaus M. “Commenatry and Hermeneutics.” In Renaissance and Renewal in the Twelfth
Century, ed. Robert L. Benson and Giles Constable with Carol D.Lanham. Cambridge: Harvard
University Press, 1982, pp. 173–200.
Jeauneau, Édouard. “Deux rédactions des gloses de Guillaume de Conches sur Priscien.”
Recherches de théologie ancienne et médiévale 27(1960):212–47.
——.“Lectio philosophorum”: recherches sur l’École de Chartres. Amsterdam: Hakkert, 1973.
Parent, Joseph-Marie. La doctrine de la création dans l’École de Chartres: études et textes. Paris:
Vrin, 1938.
Southern, Richard W. Platonism, Scholastic Method, and the School of Chartres. Reading:
University of Reading, 1979.
Wetherbee, Winthrop. Platonism and Poetry in the Twelfth Century: The Literary Influence of the
School of Chartres. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1972.
WILLIAM OF SAINT-AMOUR
(ca. 1200–1272). William is now chiefly remembered for his ferocious campaign against
the mendicant orders. We know nothing of his life until he became master of arts in Paris
(by 1228). By No-vember 1238, he had received the doctorate in canon law and was also
canon of Beauvais and rector of Guerville. He went on to study theology in Paris and ca.
1250 was a regent master.
From about this time, William began his attacks on the mendicant way of life, and it
was through his influence that the Dominicans were suspended from teaching in 1254 for
having in effect broken the closed shop of masters by ignoring the suspension of classes
in the previous year and continuing to teach.
William never substantially amended his views on the mendicants, and his subsequent
fate depended on who was pope at the time. Innocent IV (r. 1243–54) was sympathetic,
and he flourished. Alexander IV (r. 1254–61) was cardinal protector of the Franciscans,
and William was deprived of his privileges and expelled from France. Clement IV,
although disagreeing, allowed him to return to Saint-Amour, where he died. His most
famous polemical work is De periculis novissimorum temporum (1256).
Lesley J.Smith
[See also: DOMINICAN ORDER; FRANCISCAN ORDER; UNIVERSITIES]
Douie, Decima L. The Conflict Between the Seculars and the Mendicants at the University of Paris
in the Thirteenth Century. London: Blackfriars, 1954.
Dufeil, M.M. Guillaume de Saint-Amour et la potémique universitaire parisienne, 1250–1259.
Paris: Picard, 1972.
Medieval france: an encyclopedia 1850