already under cultivation by religious houses rather than in forest or waste and are thus
not part of the earlier défrichement (deforestation) movement. Detailed plans for the
setting out of such towns and for the attraction of settlers frequently accompany the
pariage contracts. The success of such ventures varied considerably; some never attracted
more than a few settlers, while others survive as thriving market towns to this day. Their
striking characteristics, evident on plans or in aerial photos, include a compact grid of lots
laid out on streets meeting at right angles within the fortifications and a large market
square with covered market and arcades surrounding the central square with adjacent
parish church.
Constance H.Berman
[See also: PARIAGE; VILLENEUVE]
Beresford, Maurice. New Towns of the Middle Ages: Town Plantation in England, Wales, and
Gascony. New York: Praeger, 1967.
Higounet, Charles. Paysages et villages neufs du moyen âge. Bordeaux: Fédération Historique du
Sud-Ouest, 1975.
BAUDE, HENRI
(ca. 1430-ca. 1496). Henri Baude had a turbulent career as legal agent for Charles VII in
the Bas-Limousin and as magistrate in the Paris courts. Baude composed rondeaux,
ballades, epistles, and a satirical morality performed by the Basoche in 1486. Among his
longer works are the Testament de la mule Barbeau, a satire of the courts, and the
Lamentations Bourrien, satirizing ecclesiastics. Referring to current events in 15th-
century France, his poetry is reminiscent of Villon’s. The most original effort by this
admittedly minor poet are his Dictz moraux pour faire tapisserie, short poems to be used
as subjects for wall hangings.
Wendy E.Pfeffer
[See also: BASOCHE; GRANDS RHÉTORIQUEURS; VILLON, FRANÇOIS]
Baude, Henri. Les vers de maître Henri Baude, poète du XVe siècle, recueillis et publiés avec les
actes qui concernent sa vie, ed. Jules Quicherat. Paris: Aubry, 1856. [Incomplete and noncritical
edition.]
——. Dictz moraux pour faire tapisserie, ed. Annette Scoumanne. Geneva: Droz, 1959.
BAUDE FASTOUL
(d. 1272). Just before entering the Beaurains leprosarium in 1272, the trouvère Baude
Fastoul addressed a congé to his countrymen and benefactors in Arras. It reveals an
original writer, capable of talking about his disease with humor while subjecting himself
to God’s will with resignation and trust.
Annette Brasseur
Medieval france: an encyclopedia 184