The loss at Bouvines meant the end of Otto IV. By 1215, Frederick II of Sicily, an
opposing candidate to the imperial throne, had the acceptance of all of Germany, and
Otto’s reign ended. The failure of Bouvines also forced King John of England, then
campaigning in Poitou, to return home and later to conclude the Peace of Chinon, which
virtually ended England’s chance to regain its Angevin lands. For his victory, Philip
gained not only continued papal friendship, the English lands in France, and an alliance
with Germany, but effective control over the rich but troublesome Low Countries.
Kelly De Vries
[See also: PHILIP II AUGUSTUS]
Cartellieri, Alexander. Die Schlacht bei Bouvines (27Juli 1214) in Rahmen der europaischen
Politik. Leipzig: Dyksche Buchhandlung, 1914.
Duby, Georges. Le dimanche de Bouvines. Paris: Gallimard, 1973.
Lot, Ferdinand. L’art militaire et les armées a au moyen âge. 2 vols. Paris: Payot, 1946, Vol. 1.
Oman, Sir Charles. A History of the Art of War in the Middle Ages. 2nd ed. London: Methuen,
1924, Vol. 1.
Verbruggen, J.F. The Art of Warfare in Western Europe During the Middle Ages, trans. Sumner
Willard and S.C.M. Southern. Amsterdam: North Holland, 1977.
BOZON, NICOLE
(fl. 1280–1320). An English Franciscan and prolific author, Bozon wrote four allegorical
poems, including the Char d’orguel, several poems in honor of the Virgin, the Proverbes
de bon enseignement, seven verse sermons, and eleven saints’ lives. He is best known for
his prose Contes moralisés, which set forth the properties of an animal, plant, or stone as
the basis for a moral lesson confirmed with an exemplum or fable. Although not actual
sermons, these contes served as preaching materials.
Maureen B.M.Boulton
[See also: ANGLO-NORMAN LITERATURE; SERMONS IN VERSE]
Bozon, Nicole. Les contes moralists, ed. Lucy Toulmin Smith and Paul Meyer. Paris: Société des
Anciens Textes Français, 1889.
——. Three Saints’ Lives by Nicholas Bozon, trans. Mary Amelia Klenke. St. Bonaventure:
Franciscan Institute, 1947.
——. Seven More Poems by Nicolas Bozon, trans. M.Amelia Klenke. St. Bonaventure: Franciscan
Institute, and Louvain: Nauwelaerts, 1951.
BRABANT
. A predominately French-speaking territory located in the central Low Countries, the
duchy of Brabant came into being when Godefroi I le Barbu, count of Louvain and
Brussels, was enfeoffed with the margraviate of Antwerp by the emperor Henry V in
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