But in the late 13th century, several revivals took place in the Pyrénées, and in the early
14th century the village of Montaillou in the Pyrénées had a healthy Cathar presence.
Cathars and their mysterious beliefs continued to hold fascination for religious seekers,
inspiring such esoterics as the anthroposophist Rudolf Steiner (1861–1925) and the Nazi
Otto Rahn.
Richard Landes
[See also: ALBIGENSIAN CRUSADE; DOMINICAN ORDER; HERESIES,
APOSTOLIC; HERESY; INQUISITION; LANGUEDOC; POPULAR DEVOTION;
WALDO/WALDENSES]
Wakefield, Walter L., and Austin Evans, eds. and trans. Heresies of the High Middle Ages. New
York: Columbia University Press, 1969. [Translates many important documents.]
Cathares en Languedoc. Cahiers de Fanjeaux 3. Toulouse: Privat, 1968.
Lambert, Malcolm. Medieval Heresy. 2nd ed. Oxford: Blackwell, 1992.
Le Roy Ladurie, Emmanuel. Montaillou: Catholics and Cathars in a French Village, 1294–1324,
trans. Barbara Bray. London: Scolar, 1978.
Loos, Milan. Dualist Heresy in the Middle Ages, trans. Iris Lewitova. Prague: Akademia, 1974.
Moore, R.I. The Origins of European Dissent. New York: St. Martin, 1977.
Wakefield, Walter L. Heresy, Crusade and Inquisition in Southern France, 1100–1250. London:
Allen and Unwin, 1974.
CATHERINE OF FRANCE
(1401–1438). Queen of England. The daughter of Charles VI and Isabeau of Bavaria,
Catherine was married to Henry V of England in 1420 as part of the settlement that made
Henry heir to the French throne. Soon after giving birth to the future Henry VI, the young
queen was widowed. She subsequently married Owen Tudor, earl of Richmond, and their
grandson became Henry VII of England.
John Bell Henneman, Jr.
CAUCHON, PIERRE
(ca. 1371–1442). Born near Reims, Pierre Cauchon studied at Paris and became
university rector in 1403. He supported the Cabochien revolt, helped write the famous
Ordonnance of 1413, and entered Burgundian service. He was appointed bishop of
Beauvais in 1420. Driven from his see in 1429, he had political and personal motivations
for his leading role in the condemnation of Jeanne d’Arc. Bishop of Lisieux after 1432,
he served the cause of Henry VI of England until his death. Infamous for his treatment of
Jeanne d’Arc, Cauchon is better remembered as a political cleric typical of the late-
medieval church.
Paul D.Solon
Medieval france: an encyclopedia 344