Fassler, Margot. Gothic Song: Victorine Sequences and Augustinian Reform in Twelfth-Century
Paris. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993.
——. “Who Was Adam of St. Victor? The Evidence of the Sequence Manuscripts.” Journal of the
American Musicological Society 37(1984):233–69.
Hegener, Eckhard. Studien zur “zweiten Sprache” in der religiösen Lyrik des zwölften
Jahrhunderts: Adam von St. Viktor—Walter von Châtillon. Ratingen: Kastellann; Wuppertal:
Henn, 1971.
ADELAIDE OF SAVOY
(ca. 1098–1154). Queen of France. The daughter of Humbert II, count of Maurienne, and
a relation of Pope Calixtus II, Adelaide was born shortly before 1100 and became queen
of France in 1114, when she married Louis VI. In twenty-three years of marriage, she
bore him six sons and one daughter and had considerable influence at court. After the
king’s death, she married the constable of France, Matthieu de Montmorency. She died in
1154 at the abbey of Montmartre.
John Bell Henneman, Jr.
Facinger, Marion F. “A Study of Medieval Queenship: Capetian France, 987–1237.” Studies in
Medieval and Renaissance History 5(1968):3–47.
ADÈLE OF CHAMPAGNE
(ca. 1145–1206). Daughter of Count Thibaut IV of Blois (III of Champagne), Adèle
became the third queen of Louis VII in 1160. In 1165, she bore him a long-desired heir,
the future Philip II, thereby ensuring the survival of the Capetian dynasty and providing it
Carolingian blood, a fact later exploited by royal propaganda. Adèle and her brothers,
Henri I (count of Champagne, r. 1152–81) and Thibaut V (count of Blois, r. 1152–91, and
royal seneschal)—who married Louis’s daughters by Eleanor of Aquitaine—together
with Guillaume (bishop of Chartres, r. 1165–68, and archbishop of Sens, r. 1168–75, and
Reims, r. 1175–1202) constituted an influential party at the royal court. Adèle and
Guillaume shared the regency for Philip II while he was on the Third Crusade (1190–91),
but little else is known about her public or private life.
Theodore Evergates
[See also: CAPETIAN DYNASTY; CHAMPAGNE; LOUIS VII; PHILIP II
AUGUSTUS]
Baldwin, John W. The Government of Philip Augustus: Foundations of French Royal Power in the
Middle Ages. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1986.
Facinger, Marion F. “A Study of Medieval Queenship: Capetian France, 987–1237.” Studies in
Medieval and Renaissance History 5(1968):3–47.
Medieval france: an encyclopedia 12