Countess Marguerite was succeeded by her son, Gui de Dampierre (r. 1278–1305). He
was greeted in 1280 with a series of uprisings in the major cities, in which the upper
orders, the oligarchies of merchants and landowners who were generally pro-French,
were opposed by the artisans and some newly wealthy drapers who were excluded from
political participation and cherished Flemish national sentiment. King Philip IV the Fair
of France intervened increasingly in the internal affairs of Flanders in the 1290s, hoping
to annex Flanders to the crown domain. Gui de Dampierre was subjected to personal
humiliations, although he tried until 1297 to remain a loyal vassal; but in early 1297 he
renounced his allegiance to Philip and allied with King Edward I of England. The English
military failure of that year left Gui isolated; in 1300, he was taken
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