single manuscript (B.N. fr. 19139) along with lyric poems by Alain Chartier and
Garencières’s friend and protector, Charles d’Orléans, whose poetry was much
influenced by that of Garencières.
James I.Wimsatt
[See also: CENT BALLADES, LES; CHARLES D’ORLÉANS; FORMES FIXES:
GRANSON, OTON DE]
Young, Neal Abernathy. Le chevalier poète Jean de Garencières, sa vie et ses poésies completes
1372–1415. Paris: Nizet, 1953. [Biographical and critical study as well as an edition of the
poems.]
GARLANDE
. A knightly family of the Île-de-France, the Garlandes appeared in the royal entourage in
the 10th century and rose to prominence in the early 12th. At the height of their power
(ca. 1112), three Garlande brothers controlled the great royal offices of seneschal,
chancellor, and butler.
Paien de Garlande was seneschal in 1101, and his brother Anseau appears in the same
office in 1104 and from 1107 until his death in 1118 at the hands of Hugues du Puiset.
Two other brothers, Étienne and Gilbert, were respectively chancellor (from 1107) and
butler (in 1112). Another brother, Guillaume, succeeded Anseau as seneschal from 1118
to 1220, when Étienne combined that office with the chancellorship and became the
prime royal adviser. In addition to his royal offices, Étienne was archdeacon of Paris,
dean of Sainte-Geneviève, and, in Orléans, dean of Saint-Samson, Saint-Avite, and the
cathedral. His aspirations to a bishopric, however, were foiled by reformist clerics.
Étienne gained the enmity of the queen, Adelaide of Savoy, and in 1127, when he tried
to pass the seneschalship to his son-in-law, he lost his royal offices and waged war
against Louis VI until 1132, when he regained the position of chancellor. A year later, he
gained revenge on the clerical reformers when his clients assassinated Archambaud,
subdeacon of Sainte-Croix of Orléans, and Thomas, prior of Saint-Victor. He did not
regain his role as chief royal adviser, for that honor now belonged to Suger, abbot of
Saint-Denis.
Étienne faded from sight after this time but left his name to a part of the Latin Quarter
of Paris, the pays de Garlande, bounded by the rue Saint-Jacques, rue de Fouarre, and rue
de Garlande. A Guillaume de Garlande was named by Philip II as one of the caretakers of
the kingdom during the king’s absence on the Third Crusade (1190–91). Louis IX later
imprisoned an Anseau de Garlande for refusing to release hostages held against one of his
creditors.
R.Thomas McDonald
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