Guilhem IX. The Poetry of William VII, Count of Poitiers, IX Duke of Aquitaine, ed. and trans.
Gerald A.Bond. New York: Garland, 1982.
——. Guglielmo IX: poesie, ed. Nicolo Pasero. Modena: Mucchi, 1973.
Bezzola, Reto R. “Guillaume IX et les origines de l’amour courtois.” Romania 66(1940):145–237.
GUILHEM DE MONTANHAGOL
(fl. ca. 1233–68). Troubadour of Toulouse. Active in the courts of Toulouse, Provence,
Castile, and Aragon, Guilhem left seven cansos, or love songs; six sirventes, or satires;
and a partimen, or dialogue, with Sordello. His death was lamented in a planh by his
brother-in-law, Pons Santolh. An orthodox Catholic, Guilhem expressed approval during
the Albigensian Crusade for a benevolent correction of the Cathars’ errors but not for the
violent excesses committed by the crusading army. His statement that chastity begins in
love has been seen in the tradition leading to the dolce stil nuovo but perhaps means only
that love is a necessary precondition of fidelity.
William D.Paden
[See also: TROUBADOUR POETRY]
Guilhem de Montanhagol. Les poésies de Guilhem de Montanhagol, troubadour provençal du XIIIe
siècle, ed. Peter T. Ricketts. Toronto: Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies, 1964.
Riquer, Martín de, ed. Los trovadores: historia literaria y textos. 3 vols. Barcelona: Planeta, 1975,
Vol. 3, pp. 1429–46.
Topsfield, L.T. “The Theme of Courtly Love in the Poems of Guilhem Montanhago.” French
Studies 11(1957):127–34.
GUILLAUME
. See also GUILHEM OR WILLIAM
GUILLAUME, CHANSON DE
. Known by a single manuscript in Anglo-Norman dialect (B.L. Add. 38, 663), dated
1225–50, the Chanson de Guillaume (3,554 assonanced decasyllables) survives in a
reworked and corrupt version. The poem nevertheless preserves many archaic epic traits,
a fact that explains the unusual attention it has received since its discovery in the late 19th
century and its initial publication in 1901.
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