——. Hugh of Saint Victor on the Sacraments of the Christian Faith (De sacramentis), trans. Roy
J.Deferrari. Cambridge: Mediaeval Academy of America, 1951.
Baron, Roger. Science et sagesse chez Hugues de Saint-Victor. Paris: Lethielleux, 1957.
Ehlers, Joachim. Hugo von St. Viktor: Studien zum Geschichtsdenken und zur
Geschichtsschreibung des 12. Jahrhunderts, Wiesbaden: Steiner, 1973.
Goy, Rudolf. Die Überlieferung der Werke Hugos von St. Viktor: Ein Beitrag zur
Kommunikationsgeschichte des Mittelalters. Stuttgart: Hiersemann, 1976.
Sicard, Patrice. Hugues de Saint-Victor et son école. Turnhout: Brepols, 1991.
Van den Eynde, Damien. Essai sur la succession et la date des écrits de Hugues de Saint-Victor.
Rome: Apud Pontificium Athenaeum Antonianium, 1960.
Zinn, Grover A. “Mandala Symbolism and Use in the Mysticism of Hugh of St. Victor.” History of
Religions 12(1972–73): 317–41.
——.“Hugh of St. Victor, Isaiah’s Vision, and De arca Noe.” In The Church and the Arts, ed.
Diana Wood. Oxford: Blackwell, 1992.
HUGUES DE BERZÉ
(1150/55-ca. 1220). The knight Hugues de Berzé was born in the Mâconnais and joined
the crusaders in 1201 and again in 1220. Near the end of his life, he wrote his Bible, a
poem of 1,029 octosyllables preaching reform. Inspired by both the certainty of death and
the uncertainty of his times, Hugues criticized the three orders of society, drawing on his
own experiences in Constantinople. The Bible, which is influenced by the Bible Guiot of
Guiot de Provins, is an example of the beliefs of a pious layman with a considerable
breadth of worldly experience. In addition to the Bible, five lyric poems are attributed to
him in the chansonniers.
Maureen B.M.Boulton
[See also: GUIOT DE PROVINS; MORAL TREATISES]
Hugues de Berzé. La Bible au seigneur de Berzé, ed. Félix Lecoy. Paris: Droz, 1938.
Lecoy, Felix. “Pour la chronologie de Hugues de Berzé.” Romania 67(1942–43):243–54.
HUGUES DE CLUNY
(d. 1109). The monastery of Cluny reached the peak of its popularity and prestige under
the abbacy of St. Hugues (r. 1049–1109). A member of the castellan family of the lords
of Semur-en-Brionnais, Hugues was originally put by his parents into the cathedral
school of Auxerre, where his great-uncle, also named Hugues, was bishop (r. 999–1039).
He left the cathedral school when he was fifteen, against his parents’ wishes, to become a
monk at Cluny. He soon became prior under Abbot Odilo and then abbot.
As abbot, he ruled a tremendously wealthy monastery, by far the biggest landowner in
its region, which held its own courts to resolve legal cases and often found itself in
Medieval france: an encyclopedia 882