Principe, Walter. The Theology of the Hypostatic Union in the Early Thirteenth Century. 4 vols.
Toronto: Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies, 1970, Vol. 3: Hugh of Saint-Cher’s Theology
of the Hypostatic Union.
Smalley, Beryl. The Study of the Bible in the Middle Ages. 3rd ed. Oxford: Blackwell, 1983.
HUGUES D’OIGNIES
(fl. first third of the 13th c.) A goldsmith active in the Meuse Valley and a major
proponent of the school of metalwork of Entre-Sambre-et-Meuse, Hugues was a prior at
Oignies. He is best known for three documented works: a gold and silver cover of a
Gospel book, a reliquary for the rib of St. Peter, and the chalice of Gilles de Walcourt, all
now in the treasury of the Benedictine convent of the Sisters of Notre Dame at Namur.
His works are characterized by the use of niello rather than the use of brightly colored
enamels of earlier Mosan metalwork.
Robert G.Calkins
[See also: ENAMELING; JEWELRY AND METALWORKING]
Collon-Gevaert, Suzanne. Histoire des arts du métal en Belgique. Brussels: Palais des Académies,
1951, pp. 204–14. [With bibliography.]
——, Jean Lejeune, and Jacques Stiennon. A Treasury of Romanesque Art: Metalwork.
Illuminations and Sculpture from the Valley of the Meuse. New York: Phaidon, 1972, pp. 105–
07.
Courtoy, Ferdinand. “Les phylactéres d’Hugo d’Oignies.” Bulletin des Musées Royaux (1930): 93–
96.
Mitchell, H.P. “Some Works by Goldsmiths of Oignies.” Burlington Magazine 39(1921):157–69.
HUGUES LE GRAND
(d. 956). Duke of Francia, son of Robert I (r. 922–23) and nephew of King Eudes,
Hugues played a major role in the French kingdom from 923 to his death.
In spite of his father’s death in the Battle of Soissons (June 15, 923), Hugues rallied
his army and routed that of the Carolingian king Charles III the Simple (r. 898–922). He
was, however, passed over by the rebel magnates who elected his brother-in-law, Duke
Raoul of Burgundy, to succeed Robert as their candidate for the throne. Hugues remained
loyal to Raoul throughout his reign (923–36), all the while consolidating his position in
his father’s lands between the Seine and the Loire.
He supported the election of Charles’s son, Louis IV (r. 936–54), but soon fell out
with the young king. Open warfare between the two in the 940s resulted in the
intervention of their joint brother-in-law, Otto I of Germany. Condemned and
excommunicated by the Council of Ingelheim (June 948), Hugues finally submitted to
The Encyclopedia 885