Select bibliography in English
Primary sources
Ammianus Marcellinus (1985)The Later Roman Empire (A.D. 354–378), trans. J.C. Rolfe,
Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Breasted, James Henry (ed. and trans.) (1906–7)Ancient Records of Egypt, Historical Documents,
5 vols., Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Burstein, Stanley M. (ed. and trans.) (1989)Agatharchides of Cnidus: On the Erythraean Sea,
London: Hakluyt Society.
Casson, Lionel (1989)The Periplus Maris Erythraei: Text with Introduction, Translation, and
Commentary, Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Claudius Ptolemy (1991)The Geography, trans. Edward Luther Stevenson, New York: Dover.
Diodorus Siculus (1933–67)Library of History, 12 vols., trans. C.H. Oldfather, Cambridge,
MA: Harvard University Press.
Herodotus (1998)The Histories, trans. Robin Waterfield, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Hulsewé, A.F.P. (1979)China in Central Asia, The Early Stage: 125 B.C.–A.D. 23: An Annotated
Translation of Chapters 61 and 96 of the History of the Former Han Dynasty, Leiden: E.J. Brill.
Julius Caesar (1982)The Conquest of Gaul, trans. S.A. Handford, New York: Penguin Books.
Kautilya (1992)The Arthashastra, ed. and trans. L.N. Rangarajan, New Delhi: Penguin Books
India.
Kramer, S.N. (1952)Enmerkar and the Lord of Aratta, Philadelphia: University Museum.
Leslie, D.D. and Gardiner, K.H.J. (1996)The Roman Empire in Chinese Sources, Rome: Bardi.
Pliny (Gaius Plinius Secundus) (1938)Natural History, 10 vols., trans. H. Rackham, Cambridge,
MA: Harvard University Press.
Strabo (1917)Geography, 8 vols., trans. Horace Leonard Jones, Cambridge, MA: Harvard
University Press.
Tacitus (1973)Agricola and Germania, trans. H. Mattingly, rev. S.A. Handford, New York:
Penguin Books.
Waley, Arthur (1955)“The Heavenly Horses of Ferghana: a new view,”History Today,5:95–103.
Watson, Burton (1961)Records of the Grand Historian of China translated from the Shih chi of Ssu-
ma Ch’ien, 2 vols., New York: Columbia University Press.
Secondary sources
Adams, Robert McC. (1974)“Anthropological Perspectives on Ancient Trade,”Current
Anthropology, 15(3): 239–58.