Index
Abbasid dynasty 138
AchaeansseeTroy and Trojan War
Achilles 62
Adam’s Bridge 108
Aden, Gulf of 46, 102, 104
Adulis (Massawa) 99, 104
Aegean Sea 54, 84; amber 22; Hellespont
59; Levant and Egypt 55; obsidian 20;
Roman Empire 79, 81
Aestil 22
Afghanistan 34, 41, 58, 75, 123, 127; gold
source 97; lapis lazuli source 37, 134; tin
source 25, 30
Africa: Central 75, 138–39;
circumnavigated 50; East 9, 28, 46,
86 – 90, 93, 96, 102–4, 107, 112, 140;
Indian Ocean 84–85; interior 6, 19, 40,
42, 99, 103; North 75,77; on Ptolemy’s
map 110; Roman trade 99, West
138 – 39, 141
Agamemnon 60
agate 37, 95, 106, 114– 15
Agatharchides 10, 91, 93, 95, 99– 100
Akkadian Empire 28, 33, 39– 40
alcoholic beverages 122, 124, 128;see also
wine, beer
Alexander the Great 67, 73, 86
Alexandria 10–11, 76, 89; rise of 67,
73 – 74; glass exports 78, 95; Indian
Ocean 99, 107– 8
Algeria 14, 138
Al-Mina 68
aloeswood 115– 16
Altai Mountains 126
amazonite 34
amber 19, 54, 61, 136, 143; Baltic source
21 – 22; demand for 23, 58, 82
Americas 141
amethyst 42, 57, 115
Ammianus Marcellinus 121
Anatolia (Turkey) 7, 40, 41, 55, 75; Catal
Huyuk 15; metals source 19, 25–26, 28,
30, 68; obsidian source 20; pirates 79;
Troy 59–60, 62
Antoninus Pius 115
aphanite 16
Arabia and Arabs 63, 84, 86–87, 89–90;
cinnamon 92–93, wine 91, 95; linen
import 95; copper import 96; coast 100,
104; Incense Road 100– 101
Aratta 38– 39
archaeology 7–8, 12
archivesseewritten sources
Argippaei 126
Arimaspians 126
Aristeas 126– 27
Armenia 75; obsidian 20; metals source 68
aromatics 25, 90; China import 117; India
export 106; nard 93; Somali coast source
103; woods 87
Artemidorus 10
Arthashastra52, 95– 96
Arctic 126
Asia 59, 78, 85, 99–100, 106, 121, 142
Assam 122– 23
Assyria and Assyrians: Assur 30–31,
Dilmun 36; Old Assyrian-Cappadocian
system 29–31, 143; Phoenicians 64, 66;
maritime trade 87
Athens 53, 74, 91; Black Sea trade 71;
grain trade 72
Atlantic: Phoenicians and Carthaginians
65 – 66; Roman Empire 76; core of new
system 141
Augustus 89, 97, 102
Awdaghust 138
axes 14–17, 54
Axum and Axumites 75, 99–100;see also
Ethiopia
Azania 103– 4