to west 130–34; 136; silk 94; Song,
Yuan, and early Ming periods 140;
Southeast Asia 113, 115, 117–18; Tang
period 138; tribute system 117, 140;
Zhou period 52, 123
Chryse 108–10;see alsoSoutheast Asia
cinnabar 121
cinnamon and cassia 10, 92–93, 95, 111,
119; Champa export 116; Cinnamon
Road 86, 93, 103; Somali coast 103;
Punt 45
civet 139
Claudius 107
Claudius Ptolemy, 11; Issedones 127;
monsoons 88; Rhapta and East African
coast 103; Southeast Asia 110– 11
clothing 78, 104, 125– 26
cloves 85, 115, 117, 119
coins and currency: China 123; Greece 71;
India 97; India import 106–8; Roman
Empire 78, 81, 97–98; Southeast Asia
import 115– 16
Colaeus 65, 71
colonies and colonists 53; Chinese 133; on
Dioscarides 104; Greek 68–69, 71, 79;
Indian 90; Minoan 57; Phoenician 65;
Sumerian 26, 41
Columbus, Christopher 140– 41
commodities 1–3, 7, 26, 72, 90, 114, 124
Comorin, Cape 108
Confucianism and Confucianists 123,
140 – 41
Congo River 66
copper and copperware 3, 7, 17, 21, 25;
Arabia import 104; Axum import 100;
China 121–22; Cyprus source 47;
Dilmun 32–33; Egypt 40, 43;
Harappans 34; India import 106–7;
Magan source 33, 35; Old Assyrian-
Cappadocian system 29–30; Southeast
Asia 111–12, 115; taxes on 36;
Uluburun cargo 54– 55
coral 95–96, 106, 111, 134, 136
core-periphery conceptseeWorld Systems
Corinth 71, 74, 76
Coromandel Coast 85, 107– 8
cosmetics 8, 64, 71, 93–94, 96
costus 93, 96, 106
cotton 34, 90, 94, 100, 106–8, 115, 140
Crete 20–21, 55, 61; Minoan civilization
56 – 57
Cyprus 46–47, 55, 57, 61, 65, 67
Damascus 101
Danubian River and valley 61, 71, 75–76,
81
Darius I 50–51, 87
dates 4, 25, 33, 47, 78, 90–91, 104
DaxiaseeBactria
Deccan 94–95, 106
Delos 22, 78– 79
Denmark 18, 21–22, 69
Dilmun (Bahrain) and Dilmunites 32–33,
35 – 36, 39, 94, 143
Diodorus Siculus: British tin 69; wine for
slaves trade 80
diorite 33, 42
Dioscarides (Socotra) 104
directional trade 15, 20, 22, 25, 38, 55, 58,
137
Dongson culture 112
donkeys 36, 38, 92, 140; China 122, 134;
Egypt 40, 43, 45; India 106; lapis lazuli
37; Old Assyrian-Cappadocian system
30, 33
Dorians 58
down-the-line systems 15, 20–22, 38, 111
drugsseemedicines and drugs
dyes 68, 95, 104, 122;see alsomurexebony 43, 45, 63, 95, 116
Egypt and Egyptians 6, 9, 19, 38, 40–46,
92; Axum 100; Babylon 48; decline 51;
Greeks 71–72; Indian Ocean 84, 104;
Levant 41, 46–48, 63–64; obsidian 20–21;
Ptolemaic dynasty 10, 51, 73, 87–89,
95, 99; Red Sea 85; Roman Empire 77;
Sea Peoples 58; Sumer 41–42; Twenty-
sixth Dynasty 50, 71; Uluburun
shipwreck 55
Elba 28, 41
elephants 33, 78, 117
Enlil 28
Enmerkar and the Lord of Aratta 38
Eratosthenes 107
Eritrea: obsidian 40; Punt 44
Erythreaean Seasee Periplus; Red Sea
Ethiopia: iron import 96; obsidian 19– 20
Etruria and Etruscans 23, 68–69, 71, 79
Euboea 68, 71
Eudaimon Arabia (Aden) 100
Eudoxus of Cyzicus 87– 88
Europe 6, 28, 59, 62, 85, 100; amber 22;
Bronze Age 18; Central 21–22, 60, 71,
114; coasts 66; as manufacturing center152 Index