No comprehensive edition of Folz’s works exists at
present. Separate German edition this Meisterlieder,
fabliaux, and carnival plays vary in reliability.
Further Reading
Folz, Hans, in Fastnachtspiele aus dem fünfzehnten Jahr-hundert,
ed. Adelbert Keller. 3 vols. Stuttgart: Literarischer Verein,
1853.
——. Die Meisterlieder des Hans Folz aus der Münchener
Onginalhandschrift und der Weimarer Handsckrift Q. 566,
ed. August L. Mayer. Berlin: Weidmannsche Buchhandlung,
1908.
——. Die Reimpaarsprüche, ed. Hanns Fischer. Munich: Beck,
1961.
Janota, Johannes. “Hans Folz in Nürnberg: ein Autor etabliert
sich in einer stadtbürgerlichen Gesellschaft,” in Philologie
und Geschichtswissenschaft: Demonstrationen literarischer
Texte des Mittelalters, ed. Heinz Rupp. Heidelberg: Quelle
and Meyer, 1977, pp. 74–91.
Price, David. “Hans Folz’s Anti-Jewish Carnival Plays.” Fifteenth-
Century Studies 19 (1992): 209–228.
Caroline Huey
FOUQUET, JEAN (ca. 1420–1481)
The most infl uential painter of the mid-15th century in
France, Jean Fouquet infused elements of Italian Renais-
sance art with his own native French style. He painted a
portrait of Pope Eugenius IV (now lost) in Rome before
- By 1448, he was working for Charles VII at Tours,
and he was appointed as court painter to Louis XI in - He is best known for a book of hours that he il-
luminated for Étienne Chevalier ca. 1452, fragments of
which survive in the Musée Condé at Chantilly. Among
the panel paintings that have been attributed to Fouquet
are portraits of Charles VII (ca. 1445) and Juvenal des
Ursins (ca. 1455), both in the Louvre. Recently, it has
been shown that Fouquet was probably not the head of
a large, prolifi c atelier but worked as an independent
artist who contributed sporadically to manuscripts from
a variety of sources.
See also Charles VII
Further Reading
Clancy, Stephen. Books of Hours in the Fouquet Style: The Rela-
tionship of Jean Fouquet and the Hours of Étienne Chevalier
to French Manuscript Illumination of the Fifteenth Century.
Diss. Cornell University, 1988. [With bibliography.]
Reynaud, Nicole. Jean Fouquet. Paris: Éditions de la Reunion
des Museés Nationaux, 1981.
Sterling, Charles, and Claude Schaeffer. The Hours of Étienne
Chevalier: Miniatures by Jean Fouquet. New York: Braziller,
1971.
Wescher, Paul. Jean Fouquet and His Time. Basel: Pleiades,
1947.
Robert G. Calkins
FRANCESCO D’ACCORSO (1225–1293)
Francesco d’Accorso was the eldest son of Accursius
and, like Accursius, was a professor of Roman law. In
fact, Francesco studied under his famous father, the
author of the ordinary gloss on the Corpus iuris civilis.
Francesco taught at the university in his native city of
Bologna from at least 1270 on. In 1274, he was recruited
as a legal adviser by Edward I of England, who was then
returning home from a pilgrimage to the Holy Land.
According to one authority (Panzirolo 1968), the Bolog-
nese threatened to confi scate Francesco’s property if he
left the city, and so he attempted—unsuccessfully—to
transfer his possessions to a friend who was in collu-
sion with him. Francesco’s eagerness to enter the king’s
employ and leave Bologna was probably due partly to a
desire to avoid the factional struggles between the Bo-
lognese Guelfs and Ghibellines. He was present at legal
proceedings before the king at Limoges in May 1274,
and reportedly participated in a disputation at the law
faculty in Orléans the same year. A report that he also
taught at the university of Toulouse probably pertains
to this period, and it may represent merely a repetitionFOLZ, HANS
Jean Fouquet, Saint Bernard, Abbot of Clairvaux, preaching to
the monks (above), Saint Bernard tempted by Satan (below).
Heures d’Etienne Chevalier, Suffrage des saints. Ms. 71, fol.- Ca 1445. © Réunion des Musées Nationaux/Art Resource,
New York.