notes to pp. xxi–18 537
C. Ap. 2. 145; Quint. Inst. 3.7.21; Jos. Ap. 2.185, 188. 4. Jos. Ap. 2.178, 179 -
81 (trans. Barclay). 5. M. Goodman, Mission and Conversion: Proselytising in
the Religious History of the Roman Empire (Oxford, 1994). 6. Earlier histories
of Judaism: I. Epstein, Judaism: A Historical Presentation (Harmondsworth,
1959); S. W. Baron, A Social and Religious History of the Jews, 2nd edn (New
York, 1952–) (a multi- volume work never completed). 7. M. L. Satlow, Creat‑
ing Judaism: History, Tradition, and Practice (New York, 2006). 8. On Phinehas,
see Num 25: 6 - 13; on toleration throughout the history of Judaism, see M. Good-
man et al., Toleration within Judaism (Oxford and Portland, Oreg., 2013).
Chapter 1: Deserts, Tribes and Empires
- On Josephus’ Jewish Antiquities as a whole, see L. H. Feldman in Flavius Jose‑
phus: Translation and Commentary, vol. 3: Judaean Antiquities, Books 1 - 4
(Leiden, 1999). 2. On the life of Josephus, see T. Rajak, Josephus: The Historian
and his Society, 2nd edn (London, 2002). 3. Jos. AJ 1.18 (on Moses); on Abra-
ham: Jos. AJ 1. 140 - 53, 155 - 8, 256, 345. 4. Jos. AJ 2. 194- 200. 5. Jos. AJ 2.
201 - 2 (race of the Israelites), 195 (tribes), 210 (Amram); 4.326 (death of Moses);
on the name ‘Israel’: AJ 3.133. 6. Jos. AJ 5.125 (giants), 132 (voluptuousness),
348 (Samuel); 6.40 (appointing of king). 7. On use of different names for Jews:
Jos. AJ 6.26, 29; on Agag, AJ 6.137; on David, AJ 6.160. 8. These elegies are
presumably those in 2 Sam 1: 19 - 27; for the narrative about David, see Jos. AJ 7.
6 - 7, 20, 53, 60, 65 (city of David), 68 (515 years). The two half- tribes are Ephraim
and Manasseh (see above), so that the total number of the tribes of Israel is twelve
(as always in the Bible). 9. Jos. AJ 7. 391 - 4. 10. On Solomon, Jos. AJ 8.42
(wisdom), 55 (Tyrian archives), 211 (80 years); on Rehoboam, Jos. AJ 8. 221 - 9,
251 - 3. 11. On Shishak, Jos. AJ 8.254; on the siege of Samaria, AJ 9. 277 - 82; on
the Samaritans, AJ 9. 288 - 91. 12. Jos. AJ 10. 108 - 44, 184. 13. On the proph-
ecy of Daniel: Jos. AJ 10.232, 243 - 4; on the fortress in Ecbatana, AJ 10.
264 - 5. 14. Jos. AJ 11. 3 - 5 (Cyrus), 19 (Cuthaeans), 26 - 7 (Cambyses), 58 (Zerub-
babel and Darius). 15. On the treatment of the last king of Jerusalem: Jos. AJ
10.299; on the new constitution: Jos. AJ 11.111; on the story of Esther: Jos.
AJ 11. 184- 296. 16. On Alexander: Jos. AJ 11. 330 - 33; on the Samaritans:
Jos. AJ 11.340, 344, 346. 17. On Ptolemy: Jos. AJ 12.4, 7 - 9; on campaigns by
the Seleucids: Jos. AJ 12. 129 - 31. 18. Jos. AJ 12. 145 - 6. 19. On the Helleniz-
ers: Jos. AJ 12.240; on the motivation of Antiochus: Jos. AJ 12. 248 - 9; on pagan
altar and persecutions: Jos. AJ 12. 253 - 5. 20. On Pompey’s campaign: Jos. AJ - 63 - 4; on loss of freedom: Jos. AJ 14.77. 21. On change in high priesthood:
Jos. AJ 14.75; on accession of Herod: Jos. AJ 14.384, 388. 22. Chronology of
Esther story: Jos. AJ 11.184; golden- calf narrative: Exod 32: 1 - 35. 23. Jos. Ap.
1.60. 24. On Solymi: Jos. Ap. 1. 173 - 4. 25. See P. R. Davies, In Search of
Ancient Israel (London, 1992), on the invention of biblical history; on invented
national histories in classical antiquity, see E. J. Bickerman, ‘Origines Gentium’,
CP 47 (1952), 65 - 81. 26. On the limits of biblical archaeology, see T. W. Davis,