546 notes to pp. 110–22
Chapter 6: ‘Jewish Doctrine Takes Three Forms’
- Jos. BJ 2.119; Jos. AJ 18.9, 23 (Fourth Philosophy); Jos. AJ 18.11 (antiquity);
comparison to Greek philosophies: Jos. Vit. 12 (Stoics); Jos. AJ 15.371 (Pythago-
raeans); A. I. Baumgarten, The Flourishing of Jewish Sects in the Maccabean Era:
An Interpretation (London, 1997). 2. For perceptions of Jews by pagans, see
M. Stern, Greek and Latin Authors on Jews and Judaism, 3 vols. (Jerusalem,
1974 - 86); on common Judaism as sufficient for most Jews, see E. P. Sanders,
Judaism: Practice and Belief, 63 bce– 66 ce (London and Philadelphia, 1992). - On Josephus’ spiritual odyssey, see Jos. Vit. 10; on Pharisees and proselytes, see
Matt 23:15; on Jewish mission more generally, see M. Goodman, Mission and
Conversion (Oxford, 1994); on Jewish population and Bar Hebraeus, see
B. McGing, ‘Population and Proselytism: How Many Jews Were There in the
Ancient World?’, in J. R. Bartlett, ed., Jews in the Hellenistic and Roman Cities
(London, 2002), 88 - 106; for the story of the conversion of the royal family of
Adiabene, see Jos. AJ 20. 17 - 96; on famine relief: Jos. AJ 20.49, 51, 101; in
Mishnah: m. Yom. 3:10. 4. On Seder Olam, see Ch. Milikowsky, ‘Seder Olam’,
in S. Safrai et al., eds., The Literature of the Sages, 2 parts (Assen, 1987- 2006), 2:
231 - 7; on Megillat Ta’anit, see V. Noam, ‘Megillat Taanit: The Scroll of Fasting’,
ibid., 339 - 62; m. Ab. 1: 2 - 12. 5. Matt 23:13, 16, 17, 33 (woes); 23:2, 27 (tombs);
E. B. Pusey, Our Pharisaism: A Sermon (London, 1868). 6. Jos. Vit. 9 - 12 (Jose-
phus); Paul: Phil 3:5, 8; Acts 22:3; 5:34; 26: 4 - 5; 23:6. 7. A. I. Baumgarten, ‘The
Name of the Pharisees’, JBL 102 (1983), 411 - 28; on the meaning of perushim,
see D. Flusser, Judaism of the Second Temple Period, 2 vols. (Grand Rapids,
Mich., 2007), 1: 97 - 8; J. Bowker, Jesus and the Pharisees (Cambridge, 1973). - Gal 1:13 (Paul’s earlier life in Judaism); Phil 3:6 (‘blameless’); Jos. Vit. 12 (Stoi-
cism); on Nicolaus, see D. R. Schwartz, ‘Josephus and Nicolaus on the Pharisees’,
JSJ 14 (1983), 157 - 71. 9. Jos. BJ 2.163; AJ 18.14; BJ 2.162 (‘accuracy’); Vit.
191 (Simon son of Gamaliel); Acts 22:3 (Paul). 10. Matt 23:25 (purity); Jos. BJ
2.123, 129 (Essenes on purity); Matt 22:23 (tithing); Mark 2: 23 - 4, 27 (Sabbath);
Jos. BJ 2.147 (Essene Sabbath); m. Yad 4: 6 - 7. 11. Oaths: Matt 23: 16 - 22; Jos.
AJ 17. 41 - 2; influence: Jos. AJ 18.15; AJ 13.298 (contrast to Sadducees); 17.42
(6,000); 17.41 (women of Herod’s court); 18.12 (avoidance of luxury); Matt 23:
6 - 7 (self- promotion). 12. Jos. AJ 13.297; Mark 7:5 (cf. also Matt 15:2); Hip-
polytus, Haer. 9.28.3; cf. A. I. Baumgarten, ‘The Pharisaic Paradosis’, HTR 80
(1987), 63 - 77; Jos. AJ 13.297 (traditions not written down); Philo, Spec Leg I V.
149 - 50. 13. M. Goodman, ‘A Note on Josephus, the Pharisees and Ancestral
Tradition’, in idem, Judaism in the Roman World (Leiden, 2007), 117 - 21. - Jos. BJ 2.166; AJ 18.12, 15 (influence); Matt 23:5; controversies with Sad-
ducees: Jos. AJ 13.298; m. Yad 4:7. 15. Matt 23:3 (objection to practice, not
doctrine); Mark 7: 9 - 13 (on korban ). 16. Gamaliel: Acts 22:3; 5:33, 35 - 40; m.
Gitt. 4:2 (divorce); m. R.Sh. 2:5 (Sabbath walk); m. Sot. 9:15; Simon son of
Gamaliel: Jos. Vit. 191; m. Ker. 1:7. 17. m. Yad 4:6 (Yohanan ben Zakkai);
Alexander Jannaeus: E. Schürer, rev. G. Vermes et al., The History of the Jewish