notes to pp. 154–68 549
- On 4QMMT, see J. Kampen and M. J. Bernstein, eds., Reading 4QMMT:
New Perspectives on Qumran Law and History (Atlanta, 1996); on calendars, see
Schürer, History, 2:582; S. Stern, ‘Qumran Calendar’, in idem, ed., Sects and Sec‑
tarianism in Jewish History (Leiden, 2011), 39 - 62; wicked priest: 1QpHab, col.
11, lines 14 - 18, on Hab 2:15 (break with community); col. 12, lines 2 - 10, on Hab
2:17 (future sufferings). 75. Community as atonement sacrifice: 1QS, col. 8,
line 6; on the Temple Scroll, see J. Maier, Die Tempelrolle vom Toten Meer und
das ‘Neue Jerusalem’ (Munich, 1997); on MMT, see e.g. 4Q395, lines 3 - 9; see, in
general, M. Goodman, ‘The Qumran Sectarians and the Temple in Jerusalem’, in
C. Hempel, ed., The Dead Sea Scrolls: Texts and Contexts (Leiden, 2010), 263 -
- Criticism of sacrifices: Amos 5: 21 - 4; Isa 1: 11 - 15; CD- A, col. 11, lines
18 - 21; objection to Temple tax: 4Q159, frag. 1, line 7. 77. 1QS, col. 5, lines 1 - 2;
4QMMTC (4Q397, frags. 14 - 21, line 7); P. S. Alexander and G. Vermes, Qum‑
ran Cave 4. XIX. Serekh ha‑ Yahad and Two Related Texts (Oxford, 1998) (sons
of Zadok); for attempts to wring more history from these allusions to specific
individuals, see H. Eshel, The Dead Sea Scrolls and the Hasmonean State (Grand
Rapids, Mich., 2008). 78. Wicked Priest on Day of Atonement: 1QpHab, col.
11, lines 4 - 8; destruction of enemies: 1QpHab, col. 10, lines 2 - 5; col. 13, lines
1 - 3. 79. 1QSa, col. 2, lines 20 - 21; col. 1, lines 1 - 3; this rule was included in the
same scroll as the Community Rule from Cave 1. 80. 1QS, col. 5, lines 1 - 6.
- Criticism of sacrifices: Amos 5: 21 - 4; Isa 1: 11 - 15; CD- A, col. 11, lines
Chapter 7: The Limits of Variety
- Philo, Migr 89, 91 - 2. 2. On the name talmid hakham, see E. Schürer, rev.
G. Vermes et al., The History of the Jewish People in the Age of Jesus Christ, 3
vols. (Edinburgh, 1973– 86), 2:333, n. 44; m. Ab. 1: 1 - 4, 6, 10, 12, 16. 3. m. Ab.
1:7 (maxim attributed to Nittai); on the development of legends about rabbis of
this period and the impossibility of writing their biographies, see J. Neusner,
Development of a Legend: Stories on the Traditions Concerning Yohanan ben
Zakkai (Leiden, 1970); m. Hag. 2:2. 4. m. Ber. 8: 1 - 4, 7; m. Eduy. 4:8 5. m.
Eduy. 1:12 (House of Hillel changed mind); m. Eduy. 1:1; H. W. Guggenheimer,
ed., The Jerusalem Talmud: First Order. Zeraim; Tractate Berakhot (Berlin and
New York, 2000), 116. 6. J. Neusner, Rabbinic Traditions about the Pharisees
before 70, 3 vols. (Leiden, 1971); B. T. Viviano, Study as Worship: Aboth and the
New Testament (Leiden, 1978); Schürer, History, 2:333; t. Dem. 2:13 (memoriza-
tion). 7. On names of sages, see m. Ab. 5:22 (Ben Bag- Bag), 23 (Ben He- He); on
Jewish names in this period, see T. Ilan, Lexicon of Jewish Names in Late
Antiquity, Part 1 (Tübingen, 2002). 8. Matt 23:7 (Jesus addressed as ‘rabbi’). - On the Chamber of Hewn Stone, see m. Sanh. 11:2; Sifre to Deuteronomy 152
(Finkelstein). 10. On nazirites: Num 6: 1 - 21; S. Chepey, Nazirites in Late Second
Temple Judaism (Leiden, 2005). 11. Acts 18: 18 - 21, cf. 21: 23 - 4; Jos. BJ 2.313
(Berenice); m. Naz. 3:6. 12. t. Dem. 2:2. 13. m. Ter. 4:3 (heave- offering
amount); Deut 12:17; m. Maas. 1:1 (products liable to tithes), 2 (ripening); t.
Dem. 2:2 (trustworthy on tithes). 14. t. Dem. 2:14 (formal statement); lapsed