notes to pp. 296–305 559
Ancient Synagogue from its Origins until 200 c.e. (Stockholm, 2003), 90 -
- On images and their meanings: Levine, Ancient Synagogue, 232 - 5, 232
(David as Orpheus); Aphrodisias inscription: J. Reynolds and R. Tannenbaum,
Jews and God‑ Fearers at Aphrodisias (Cambridge, 1987), with redating in
A. Chaniotis, ‘The Jews of Aphrodisias: New Evidence and Old Problems’, Scripta
Classica Israelica 21 (2002), 209 - 42; for attitudes to converts, see M. Goodman,
Mission and Conversion (Oxford, 1994). 12. J. Kloppenborg and S. G. Wilson,
eds., Voluntary Associations in the Graeco‑ Roman World (London, 1996); Cod.
Iust. 1.9.4 (‘place of religion’); Cod. Theod. 16.8.2 (Constantine), cf. A. Linder,
Jews in Roman Imperial Legislation (Detroit, 1987), 134; Procopius, Anecdota
- On images and their meanings: Levine, Ancient Synagogue, 232 - 5, 232
- 16 - 18 (trans. Dewing). 13. J. Dunbabin, Mosaics of Roman North Africa
(Oxford, 1978), 194 - 5 (Naru); R. Hachlili, Ancient Jewish Art and Archeology in
the Diaspora (Leiden, 1998), 408 (Juliana); Noy, Jewish Inscriptions of Western
Europe, vol. 2, no. 181 (Elche); Rutgers, Jews in Late Ancient Rome, 211 - 52
(Collatio ). 14. On Stobi inscription, see Levine, Ancient Synagogue, 270 - 71; see
also works cited above, Chapter 11, n. 28. 15. Cod. Theod. 2.1.10 (judicial
powers of patriarchs); 16.8.11 (‘illustrious patriarchs’); 16.8.17 (taxes); 16.8.22
(demotion of Gamaliel); 16.8.29 (confiscation of taxes and the end of the patri-
archate). 16. Noy, Jewish Inscriptions of Western Europe, 1: 76 - 82; M. Williams,
‘The Jews of Early Byzantine Venosa’, JJS 50 (1999), 38 - 52. 17. On Yossipon, see
S. Dönitz, ‘Historiography among Byzantine Jews: The Case of “Sefer Yosippon” ’,
in R. Bonfil et al., eds., Jews in Byzantium: Dialectics of Minority and Majority
Cultures (Leiden, 2012), 951 - 68; on Ahimaaz, see N. de Lange, Japhet in the
Tents of Shem: Greek Bible Translations in Byzantine Judaism (Tübingen, 2016),
83; Greek in Hebrew letters: N. de Lange, Greek Jewish Texts from the Cairo
Genizah (Tübingen, 1996); Oxford Bodleian Ms. 1144; for Jewish Greek cus-
toms, see D. Goldschmidt, Mehkarei Tefillah uPiyyut (Jerusalem, 1980),
122 - 52. 18. N. de Lange, ‘A Jewish Greek Version of the Book of Jonah’, Bulle‑
tin of Judaeo‑ Greek Studies 16 (1995), 29 - 31; G. Corrazol, ‘Gli ebrei a Candia nei
secoli XIV– XVI’ (PhD dissertation, EPHE, Paris, and University of Bologna,
2015), 20 (on Bodleian manuscript Opp. Add. Oct. 19 and the correspond-
ence of Elijah Capsali, head of the Candia community, with Katzenellenbogen). - See M. Polliack, ed., Karaite Judaism: A Guide to its History and Literary
Sources (Leiden, 2004). 20. Citation of Pseudo- Saadiah in L. Nemoy, Karaite
Anthology (New Haven, 1952), 4; al- Kirkisani, cited in ibid., 3. 21. Y. Erder,
‘The Doctrine of Abu ʿIsa al- Isfahani and its Sources’, Jerusalem Studies in Arabic
and Islam 20 (1996), 162 - 99; citation of al- Kirkisani from D. Cohn- Sherbok,
The Jewish Messiah (Edinburgh, 1997), 95; N. Schur, History of the Karaites
(Frankfurt am Main, 1992). 22. Anan b. David in Nemoy, Karaite Anthology,
16 - 17, 17 - 18. 23. Y. Erder, ‘The Karaites and the Second Temple Sects’, in Polli-
ack, ed., Karaite Judaism, 119 - 43; Nemoy, Karaite Anthology, 11 - 20; xvii (parallels
to Shiites). 24. al- Nahawandi in Nemoy, Karaite Anthology, 29. 25. On al-
Kumisi, see S. Poznanski, ‘Daniel ben Moses al- Kumisi’, in I. Singer, ed., The
Jewish Encyclopedia, 12 vols. (New York, 1901– 6), 4: 432 - 4; on the growth of
Karaite traditions, see Schur, History of the Karaites ; al- Kirkisani 1.19.6