notes to pp. 419–45 569
Zalman of Lyady, see R. Elior, The Paradoxical Ascent to God: The Kabbalistic
Theosophy of Habad Hasidism, trans. J. M. Green (Albany, NY, 1993). 60. On
the functioning of a hasidic court, see I. Etkes, ‘The Early Hasidic Court’, in
E. Lederhendler and J. Wertheimer, eds., Text and Context: Essays in Modern
Jewish History and Historiography in Honor of Ismar Schorsch (New York,
2005), 157 - 86. 61. On Nahman of Bratslav, see A. Green, Tormented Master: A
Life of Rabbi Nachman of Bratslav (Philadelphia, 1979). 62. On the image and
memory of the Seer of Lublin, see D. Assaf, ‘One Event, Two Interpretations: The
Fall of the Seer of Lublin in the Hasidic Memory and Maskilic Satire’, Polin 15
(2002), 187– 202. 63. On the bans against the hasidim in 1772 and after, see
M. L. Wilensky, ‘ Hasidic– Mitnaggedic Polemics in the Jewish Communities of
Eastern Europe: The Hostile Phase’, in G. D. Hundert, ed., Essential Papers on
Hasidism (New York, 1991), 244 - 71. 64. For the opponents of Hasidism, see
E. J. Schochet, The Hasidic Movement and the Gaon of Vilna (Lanham, Md,
1993); A. Nadler, The Faith of the Mithnagdim: Rabbinic Responses to Hasidic
Rapture (Baltimore, 1997), 29 - 49; on accusations of Hasidism as tending towards
pantheism, see Nadler, The Faith of the Mithnagdim, 11 - 28. 65. Solomon Mai‑
mon: An Autobiography, 174 - 5. 66. On attempts by the Russian state to end
hostilities, see J. D. Klier, Russia Gathers her Jews (DeKalb, Ill., 1986), 142; on
Levi Isaac ben Meir of Berdichev, see Y. Petrovsky- Shtern, ‘The Drama of Berdi-
chev: Levi Yitshak and his Town’, Polin 17 (2004), 83– 95. 67. Shivhei haBesht
21 , in Ben- Amos and Mintz, In Praise of Baal Shem Tov ; on the relationship
between Hasidism and messianism, see G. Scholem, The Messianic Idea in Juda‑
ism: And Other Essays on Jewish Spirituality (London, 1971), 176- 202.
Chapter 16: From the Enlightenment
to the State of Israel- On the demographic changes to Jewish populations in the modern period, see
‘Appendix: The Demography of Modern Jewish History’, in P. Mendes- Flohr and
J. Reinharz, eds., The Jew in the Modern World: A Documentary History, 2nd
edn (New York and Oxford, 1995), 701– 21. 2. On the problems in establishing
the size of current Jewish populations, see S. DellaPergola, ‘World Jewish Popula-
tion 2010’, Current Jewish Population Reports (Cincinnati, 2010), Number 2, pp.
8 - 11. 3. Shalom Aleichem, The Old Country, trans. F. and J. Butwin (London,
1973), pp. 76 - 7. 4. S. Schwarzfuchs, Napoleon, the Jews and the Sanhedrin
(London, 1979). 5. On Jews in Germany in the nineteenth century, see M. Meyer,
The Origins of the Modern Jew (Detroit, 1979); D. Sorkin, The Transformation
of German Jewry 1780 ‑ 1840 (New York, 1987). 6. R. Harris, The Man on
Devil’s Island: Alfred Dreyfus and the Affair that Divided France (London,
2010). 7. On Jews in Romania in the nineteenth century, see C. Iancu and
L. Rotman, The History of the Jews of Romania, vol. 2 (Bucharest, 2005). - On the British chief rabbinate, see M. Freud- Kandel, Orthodox Judaism in Brit‑
ain since 1913: An Ideology Forsaken (London, 2006); on English antisemitism: