index 617
expulsion of Jews from 237, 363
Inquisition 237
Islamic 236–7, 238, 259; Recon-
quista 332, 336
Jewish refugees from 390
religious poetry 330
Sephardi diaspora migration
during Renaissance 362
Spanish Habsburgs 362
Spinoza, Baruch 371, 373, 407, 438,
459
spiritual search, of young Jews
515–17, 532
and Jewish renewal 515–23
Stalin, Joseph 442
Status Quo Ante communities 465
Steinheim, Salomon 460
Stephen, martyrdom of 188–9
Stobi synagogue 285, 298
Stoicism 110, 116, 171–2, 174, 175,
176
Stonewall riots 520
Subbotniki 196
suffering 37, 38 see also martyrdom;
persecution
Sufism 259–60, 324, 348, 349
Jewish renewal and Sufi forms of
prayer 516
Sukkot (Tabernacles) 48, 49–51, 253,
254
water-drawing 50–51
Sura academy 270, 317
Susanna 206
Swaythling, Louis Montagu, 2nd
Baron 466
Symmachus 34, 290
synagogues
buildings 69, 232, 246–7, 250,
294–5, 341–2, 450, 454; and
Sabbath car parking 489
communal prayer 64–7, 70, 247
Day of Atonement service 281,
449
in the diaspora 69, 239, 250, 285,
289, 290, 292–5, 440; Alex-
andria 292–3; Amsterdam
372; Antioch 69; Apamea 294;
Christian service influences
449, 450; as community centres,
in American Jewish suburbian
thinking 495; Dura-Europos
180, 246, 255, 293, 294; El
Transito, Toledo 247; Elche
297; Fustat 150, 239; gay and
lesbian synagogues 520–21;
gentile supporters of Jewish
community 295–6; German
synagogue practices reflecting
Christian worship 449; girls in
English orthodox synagogues
495; Haarlem 363; with
havurot 517; Johannesburg
485; Karaite synagogue, Cairo
272; Kassel 461, 462; with
Latin inscriptions 297; London
see London: synagogues; Mainz
247; Naro (Hammam-Lif) 297;
Neue Synagoge, Berlin 450;
New York 485, 520–21;
Provence 250, 332; references
to sacrifice restoration 463,
464; Reform synagogues
460–63, 464, 475; Rome
294–5, 297; Rotterdam 363;
Sardis 292, 293, 294; social
functioning 455; Soviet Union
442; spread of Christian
message to 188; Stobi 285,
298; Touro synagogue, Newport
363–4; United Synagogue
(Britain) 489, 497; United
Synagogue of America 492,
493; Venice 369; Worms
341–2
finials (rimmonim) 369
frescoes 180, 246, 293–4
Hammat Tiberias synagogue 269,
283, 294
iconography 180, 246, 293–4
Karaite 272, 307