ixAcknowl edgments
I would like to thank Dr. Peter Gatrell and Dr. Yoram Gorlizki for their
patience, thoughtfulness and guidance during my time at the University of
Manchester. I would also like to thank Drs. J. Otto Pohl, Ross King, John J.
Stephan, Bruce Elleman, Hiroaki Kuromiya, Sergei Kan, Walter Rich-
mond, Amir A. Khisamutdinov, German N. Kim, Geoffrey Swain, Tai
Chang, Edith Chen, Eunice Chen, Jae Hyung Park, Elena Yugai, Eric
Schmaltz, Spiros Tsoutsompis, the University of Hawai‘i’s bibliographer
Patricia Polansky, Mark Sylte, Jamie Bisher, D. Shin, Richmond Trotter,
Jon Basil Utley, Gloria Law, Ling Chang, Teddy M. L. Wong, Stanislav
and Nadezhda Pak and James Zobel of the MacArthur Archives. I am in-
debted to all of the aforementioned for their willingness to share infor-
mation, discuss history and or support me in this long endeavor of research
and writing. I want to thank my guides and interpreters (Korean to Rus sian)
to the Soviet- Korean/Russian- Korean communities, Aleksandr Petrovich
Kim and Larisa Valentinovna Kim in Uzbekistan and Vadim Nikolaevich
Kan in Kyrgyzstan. Others who also helped are: Roman Kim, Kiyon
Park, Hyung Jin Shim, Katia Lim, Artur Dzhumabaev, Svetlana An and
Yura Ho. I am also indebted to Dr. Henry Chang who has guided me in
all of my academic pursuits and has ably translated “A Treatise on Peace in
East Asia” into En glish and my mother, Kit- Yung who has always supported
me. Ms. Nurilla Sharshekeeva and the En glish Department of AUCA
(American University of Central Asia) also deserve my gratitude for the two
wonderful years that I spent working in a Kyrgyz- Russian educational insti-
tution and the Rus sian lessons that they offered which helped me prepare
for this research proj ect (2006–2007). The two years there (attending inter-
departmental meetings in Rus sian) and the additional years in Central Asia
conducting fieldwork and interviews were extremely useful in helping me to
reconstruct Soviet life (byt) while experiencing post- Soviet, Central Asian
life. I owe the governments of Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan my thanks and
deep appreciation for making my stays in their countries safe, hospitable
and warm (2006–2010, 2014). In conducting the fieldwork for this study,
there were many strong links and parallels between the Soviet- Korean