The Korean Deportation and Life in Central Asia 159Some Koreans were not deported but executed instead. Two thousand
five hundred Soviet Korean elites were arrested and repressed.^49 On Sep-
tember 3, 1937, Khan Chan Gol was arrested. His brothers Innokentii Eli-
seevich Khan and the youn gest, Aleksandr Eliseevich, who had also served
in the Red Army, were arrested in 1937–1938. The fact that Grigorii (Khan
Chan Gol, see Figure 13) and Innokentii had fought during the Interven-
tion against the Japa nese did not save them. They were both sent to the
Khabarovsk prison and executed there in 1938.^50 On September 13, 1937,
Khan Myon She (Andrei) was arrested in Leningrad on charges of “Japa nese
espionage.” Khan Myon She was executed on December 10, 1937. Andrei
Khan was the second most impor tant leader among the Soviet Koreans, but
had been living in Leningrad since 1933.^51 In November 1937, Nikolai V.
Pak (Pak Yongbin, see Figure 8) was arrested and later executed in Decem-
b e r 1937.^52 In 1938, Pak Chin Sun (also known as Pak Din Shun), who
spoke at the SCCI supporting Lenin, was executed and accused of partici-
pation in a diversionist- terrorist or ga ni za tion.^53
After exiling the Koreans, the Chinese were the next to be exiled
according to Arsenev’s recommendation. In December 1937 through
March 1938, the Soviet Chinese were deported from the RFE to China and
Central Asia. Genrikh Lushkov reported that 11,000 were arrested (most
Figure 12. Raisa Nigai, Pre- Deportation. (Left) Nigai and friends, photo dated August 15,
1937, six days before the deportation order. Nigai and her friends took several photos in
summer and winter wear. (Right) Nigai (far right), f amily, and friends at Sanatoria
okeanskaia (the Pacific spa) on October 22, 1937 in Vladivostok. Photos courtesy of
Raisa Nigai.