Burnt by the Sun. The Koreans of the Russian Far East - Jon K. Chang
Notes to Pages 14–16 203
- However, they never used the word “diaspora” in reference to Koreans. Koreans
were referred to as immigrants, settlers, colonists, hard- working Koreans, and aliens (inoro-
dtsy). The Toropov monograph is comprised of archival documents from the Rus sian State
Historical Archives of the Rus sian Far East (RGIA- DV).
- Anosov, Koreitsy, 6.
- Ibid., 5.
- Malozemoff, Rus sian Far Eastern Policy, 10.
- John J. Stephan, Rus sian Far East, 64, 67, and Malozemoff, Rus sian Far Eastern
Policy, 10.
- Polner, ed., Priamure, 69; Malozemoff, Rus sian Far Eastern Policy, 11, and J. J.
Stephan, Rus sian Far East, 75.
- Kho, Koreans in Soviet Central Asia, 17, and Grave, Kitaitsy, 131. Many sources
erroneously state that Category 2 Koreans were allowed to become citizens and in 1884
were granted the same rights as Category 1; an example of this is Anosov, Koreitsy, 9–10.
- Anosov, Koreitsy, 7, and Bugai and Pak, 14 0 let, 34.
- Ginsburgs, “The Citizenship Status of Koreans in Pre- Revolutionary Rus sia,” 4,
and Anosov, Koreitsy, 10.
- John W. Slocum, “Who, and When, Were the Inorodtsy? The Evolution of the
Category of ‘Aliens’ in Imperial Rus sia,” Rus sian Review 57, no. 2 (April 1998): 173–190.
- The Chinese were assessed a poll tax by an edict promulgated by Governor-
General A N. Korf in 1888. Malozemoff states that this was the first case of economic
discrimination against them and one of the first such acts in the RFE; see Malozemoff,
Rus sian Far Eastern Policy, 25–26, 260n66.
- The Chinese were assessed a poll tax by an edict promulgated by Governor-
General A. N. Korf in 1888; see ibid. The state tax inspectors deci ded to calculate that
because of their seasonal work, they would be regarded and taxed as “half persons.” See
Yanni Kotsonis, “ ‘Face- to- Face’: The State, the Individual, and the Citizen in Rus sian Tax-
ation: 1863–1917,” Slavic Review 63, no. 2 (Summer 2004): 243.
- Anosov, Koreitsy, 16, and Ia. Ten, “Koreitsy sovetskogo soiuza,” Revoliutsiia i
natsional’nosti 7 (1935), 45. The tax for having used wood from Rus sian forests prob ably ap-
plied only to Koreans who were not Rus sian subjects. Both Chinese and Koreans were
subject to the aforementioned taxes. In 1903, Wirt Gerrare (née William Oliver Greener),
visiting Vladivostok, stated, “The enactments against the Chinese are used as a source of
income by local officials.... For instance, not so long ago, the police chief of Vladivostok
issued an order that all the Chinese in the district, numbering over 30,000, should have
upon their passports a miniature portrait of the chief of police himself. For this, the usual
charge made was a ruble.” See Wirt Gerrare, Greater Rus sia (London: Heinemann,
1904), 214.
- Treadgold, Great Siberian Migration, 70, and Malozemoff, Rus sian Far Eastern
Policy, 9.
- Throughout this study “yellow labor” will refer to work and workers of East Asian
descent (Chinese, Japa nese, and Koreans) in the RFE. “Yellow labor” is a Rus sian term, not
my own terminology. Henceforth it will appear without quotation marks unless specifically
supported by a citation.
- Unterberger, Primoskaia oblast, 115.
- Ibid., 120.
- Slocum, “Who, and When, Were the Inorodtsy?” 180–181.
