Notes to Pages 96–102 221
never paid the debt. His father kept the woman as his servant until she turned fourteen
and then married her (he was twenty- five); see Sergei Kim (Kolkhoz Politotdel) Inter-
view. (Sergei Kim from Stary Leninskii Put is a diff er ent person from the Kim from
Politotdel.)
- “Zhenshina Koreianka v seme i v bytu,” Krasnoe znamia, November 30, 1924, no.
275 (1291).
- Erik Van Ree, “Socialism in One Country: A Reassessment,” Studies in East Eu ro-
pean Thought 30, no. 2 ( June 1998): 104, states: “As Bukharin said a few months later, every-
one had agreed that only the international socialist revolution would provide a guarantee
against restoration in the wake of an imperialist intervention.”
- Such as those in 1923 with the Chinese as speculators or fat bourgeois merchants.
- Eudin and North, Soviet Rus sia and the East, 1920–1927, 44.
- Pipes, Formation of the Soviet Union, 244.
- Robert A. Scalapino, “Communism in Asia,” in The Communist Revolution in
Asia: Tactics, Goals and Achievements, ed. Robert A. Scalapino (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-
Hall, 1965), 12–13.
- S. A. Smith, Revolution and the People in Rus sia and China, 34. Smith called the
GLU “communist controlled.”
- Suh, Korean Communist Movement 1918–1948, 64–65.
- Morley, Japan’s Foreign Policy, 1868–1941, 396.
- “Sud i byt: delo shpiona Li,” Krasnoe znamia, January 6, 1927, no. 4 (1917): 5. A
“relatively light” sentence as compared to the repression during the Great Terror.
- Similar results were found in factories in the Ukraine where the Rus sian lan-
guage remained the lingua franca. See Martin, Affirmative Action Empire, 103.
- “Perevod deloproizvodstva na koreiskii iazyk,” Krasnoe znamia, June 2, 1927, no.
126 (2039): 2.
- “Sredi natsmenshinstv: 500 Koreitsev chlenov DoDD,” Krasnoe znamia, Octo-
ber 22, 1927, no. 242 (2155).
- See Chapter 2.
- GAKhK, f. p-2, o. 1, d. 111, ll. 1–3. Pages 1–2 of Geitsman’s report were dis-
cussed at length (with diff er ent conclusions) in Fuchs, Soviet Far East, 214. The above cita-
tion covers pages 1–3.
- Wada, “Koreans in the Soviet Far East,” 34.
- For example, the city of Vladivostok began its massive scale passportization in
December 1932. See RGIA- DV, f. 85, o. 1, d. 43a, l. 7. This par tic u lar large- scale campaign
ran from December 1932 to July 1933.
- Geitsman had been careful not to criticize the OGPU but there appear moments
when he seemed exasperated because the OGPU eviction of small traders campaigns began
without any forewarning or notice to the NKID.
- GAKhK, f.p-2, o. 1, d. 111, ll. 5–6.
- GAKhK, f.p-2, o. 1, d. 111, l. 8.
- There was a segment of the Chinese population who, in my opinion, were loyal to
Soviet power and intended to remain in the Soviet Union. My estimate through interviews
with some Soviet Chinese was that they were about 30 percent of the total Chinese popula-
tion in the RFE at the time. The Chinese began to have prob lems getting residency visas
and being deported in groups beginning in the summer of 1929 (when war with China was
imminent), and their population continued to decrease until, in 1937–1938, those remain-
ing in the RFE were deported to Xinjiang and Central Asia.
