Notes to Pages 132–135 229
- Snyder, Sketches from a Secret War, 122, which provides in- depth information on
Poland’s preference for Poles, Polish speakers, Ukrainians, and Galicians from Poland who
had emigrated to the USSR and who had become disgruntled during the vari ous repres-
sions of the 1930s.
- Martin, “Origins of Soviet Ethnic Cleansing,” 854–855.
- A. M. Nair was an instructor in a Japa nese spy school in Hsinkang, Manchuria,
prior to the 1937 deportation. A Korean from Seoul, Lee Kai Ten selected around thirty Kore-
ans to be trained and sent to the USSR. They never heard from these spies again. Most de-
fected to North Korea after the Second World War and became communists. See Nair, An
Indian Freedom Fighter in Japan, 142–146. Furthermore, Shun Akikusa was the head of Japa-
nese intelligence in Manchukuo (Manchuria) and almost certainly knew of Nair. Akikusa re-
ported that two groups of spies (mostly émigré Rus s ians) totaling thirty- two persons were sent
into Soviet territory between 1933 and 1936. No intelligence information was ever reported
back (though three reported making it into Soviet territory), and Akikusa doubted that anyone
was ever able to return from the USSR. See Hiroaki Kuromiya and Andrej Peplonski, “The
Great Terror: Polish- Japanese Connections,” Cahiers du monde russe 50, no. 4 (2009): 659.
- Soviet nationality has five main components, but within the context of a Soviet
passport (line 5), “nationality” is ethnicity.
- RGIA- DV, f. 85, op. 1, d. 43a-2, l. 7. It appears that Krasnoe znamia was one of
the major media resources for Dalkrai authorities.
- Martin, Affirmative Action Empire, 450–451.
- Document 120 as cited in Vanin, Koreitsy v SSSR, 288.
- Kho mentions that Koreans introduced large- scale rice farming to the RFE
sometime around 1905; Kho, Koreans in Soviet Central Asia, 71.
- Bergavinov was Regional Secretary from 1931 to 1933. There is no information
on the actions or participation of Bergavinov or Lavrentiev in the 1934 revival of the
“Doklad.” See J. J. Stephan, Rus sian Far East, 343.
- Arsenev, “Doklad,” 115.
- Ibid., 101. Note that Diachenko’s Zhyoltaia opasnost is a document collection. It
reprints Arsenev’s “Doklad” in full. Arsenev’s “yellow races” referred to Japan, Korea, and
China only; Khisamutdinov, Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenev, 173.
- Ibid., 114.
- Khisamutdinov, Rus sian Far East, 119.
- Arsenev, “Doklad,” 115.
- Coox, Nomonhan, 1:75.
- Coox, Nomonhan, 1:84.
- This information was cited and provided in the previous chapters.
- Chae- Jin Lee, China’s Korean Minority, 20.
- Martin, Affirmative Action Empire, 320–321.
- Werth, “Mechanism of a Mass Crime,” 219.
- Snyder explic itly dismissed the validity of this claim by the NKVD: see Snyder,
Sketches from a Secret War, 121.
- Ibid., 116.
- Ibid., 117–119.
- J. J. Stephan, Rus sian Far East, 203–205, regarding the RFE conspiracies, and
Khlevniuk, Master of the House, 127–128, regarding the expansion of OGPU powers.
- Martin, Affirmative Action Empire, 323, and Vanin, Koreitsy v SSSR, 267–278.
- Khisamutdinov, Rus sian Far East, 120.
