230 Notes to Pages 135–141- Amir A. Khisamutdinov stated that the information that was written in Rus sian
Far East Historical Essays was all the information that he knew. The file regarding the genera-
tion and the outcome of the Arsenev report is currently part of the NKVD/FSB Rus sian
state archives and is not available to any researchers, historians, or academicians. See e- mail
to author, May 19, 2012. - My estimate of 1,200 Koreans in the OKDVA is based on the fact that many of
the four- t o- five thousand Korean Red Partisans joined the Red Army/OKDVA after the
Intervention. Also, after several rounds of purges during the 1930s, the number of Koreans
in August 1937 stood at 747 OKDVA soldiers and officers. - Zhanna Son, Rossiikie Koreitsy: Vsesilie vlasti i bespravie ethnicheskoi obshnosti,
1920 –1930 (Moscow: Grif i K., 2013), 375. Regarding quotas for purges, see Gregory, Te r r o r
by Quota, 218, 224–225. - Gypsy was a nationality included in the 1920, 1926, and 1939 Soviet national
censuses. See Hirsch, Empire of Nations, 327, 330, 334. Regarding the OKDVA’s national
diversity, see Son, Rossiikie Koreitsy, 371. - RGVA- f. 25871, op. 2, d. 131a, l. 30. It seemed as if Bolotskii’s medical rec ords
(of syphilis) were used against him. If his rec ord as the director of a school had been so
poor, how is it that he was transferred from Yakutia to become a com pany commander in
the OKDVA guarding Soviet borders during the mid-1930s? - A fter all, the RGVA file says “By his nationality... .”
- Son, Rossiikie Koreitsy, 373–375.
- For the falsification of archival documents, see Howell and Prevenier, From
Reliable Sources, 57–60, 65, 68. - Son, Rossiikie Koreitsy, 379–381.
- Evgenia Tskhai stated that Blagoslovennoe developed their own self- defense
brigade (brigady sodeistviia) beginning in 1927. Three armed men were on watch in the
perimeter around Blagoslovennoe during the night. This went on until the Korean deporta-
tion. See Evgenia Tskhai Interview 2. - Pashkov, Za krai rodnoi— Dalnevostochnyi, 90, 92–94. Pashkov was a Soviet
military historian. - For example, in April 1933, Khabarovsk issued a call for all collective farmers and
demobilized Red Army collective farmers to join their local self- defense units. See ibid., 90. - Z. Ianguzov, OKDVA na strazhe mira i bezopasnosti SSSR, 1929–1938 gg. (Bla-
goveshchensk: Khabarovskoe knizhnoe delo, 1970), 173. Note that Z. Ianguzov was a So-
viet military historian and that much of the monograph was written using Soviet military
archives (see page 4). - See Powell, My Twenty- Five Years in China, 211, regarding the Korean Red Army
border guards. According to his autobiography, the Soviet state gave John B. Powell the
“red carpet treatment” during the three months he spent in the USSR from November 1935
to January 1936. Powell served as a journalist and editor for the Chicago Tribune on special
assignment (page 61). He was an Intourist guide/translator (pages 208–209) and was in
Vladivostok from November to December 1935. - NARA, RG 59, T1249, roll 40, 458–459.
- NARA, RG 59, T1249, roll 40, 458.
- Chinese Chekists had served in the Lubianka and in the Ukraine. See Leggett,
The Cheka, 198, 262, 264. In an archival file from the Tula Oblast, it noted that there were
hundreds of Chinese Chekists. See Brovkin, Dear Comrades, 158. Karpenko’s “Kitaiskii
legion” explained that during World War I, there were some 300,000 East Asian laborers in