242 Notes to Pages 182–186
- In regard to mirroring in oral history, Alessandro Portelli perceptively noted:
“Communications always work both ways. The interviewees are always, though perhaps
unobtrusively, studying the interviewers who ‘study’ them. Historians might as well recog-
nize this fact and make the best of its advantages”; Portelli, “What Makes Oral History
Di ff er ent?” 39.
- “One interviewee began his fourth interview session by saying, ‘Up til now I have
been giving it to you sugar- coated’ and went on to discuss his most disagreeable profes-
sional relations.” See Ritchie, Doing Oral History, 8 7.
- Pierre Bourdieu and Loic J. D. Wacquant, An Invitation to Reflexive Sociology
(Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992), 27, 121, 129–130.
- About the pro cess of collaboration in oral history, Portelli stated: “The final result
of the interview is a product of both the narrator and the researcher” and “Oral history has
no unified subject.” See Portelli, The Death of Luigi Trastulli and Others, 54 , 57.
- Elizaveta Li, Interview by Jon Chang, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan, September 23, 2014.
- Nikolai Vasileevich Pak, Interview by Jon Chang, Kolkhoz Uzbekistan, Tash-
kent, Uzbekistan, September 16, 2009.
- In the USSR, the tractorist’s job was twofold: they were to drive and to perform
maintenance on the tractor, according to Pak.
- See Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, The Gulag Archipelago: An Experiment in Literary
Investigation, vol. 2: 400.
- Nikolai Vasilevich Pak interview.
CHAPTER 9 : CONCLUSION
- Lohr, Nationalizing the Rus sian Empire, 18–19.
- One such parallel with the Korean deportation was the phrase “any ethnic Ger-
man is a potential spy.” See ibid., 19.
- A large proportion of the Jewish population in Odessa wore orthodox clothing and
hats, practiced specific trades (due to restrictive laws), lived in the “Jewish Quarter,” and
spoke Yiddish. Thus they were readily identifiable by sight or by their speech. See Wein-
berg, The Revolution of 1905 in Odessa, passim, and photos after page 23 depicting the Jew-
ish meat market and Jewish bootblacks.
- Vladimir K. Arsenev, despite his very primordialist pronouncements on the vari-
ous p eoples in the USSR/Rus sia, was not a Rus sian. His grand father’s surname was
Goppmeier and he simply adopted the Rus sian surname, Arsenev. See Khisamutdinov, The
Rus sian Far East: Historical Essays, 82. Arsenev claimed he was of Dutch descent, but this
appears to be contrived. His grand father was a large estate holder who was completely Rus-
sified. This fits the Baltic German profile rather than that of Dutch urban merchants in the
Rus sian Empire or the more endogamous Dutch Mennonite community. Bushkovitch inti-
mates that Baltic Germans who wanted to move up the career ladder often claimed they
were Dutch to avoid the association with and of serving Germany (for example, Sergei
Witte did this repeatedly). This was common during Tsarism. See Paul Bushkovitch, A
Concise History of Rus sia (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press), 62, 275. Koreans did
not have the same luxury as the Goppmeier family. They were Soviet national minorities
(natsmen) not only by passport (as stated on line 5), but by phenotype.
- Robert Park, a University of Chicago sociologist, noted that East Asians wore a
“racial uniform.” This distinguished their assimilation in Amer i ca from that of Eu ro pean
immigrants (one of several differences). See Takaki, Strangers from a Dif er ent Shore, 13.
