Notes to Pages 194–195 245tion was Reino Hayhunen, a Soviet Finn. See Pavel Sudoplatov and Anatoli Sudoplatov,
Special Tasks: The Memoirs of an Unwanted Witness— a Soviet Spymaster, trans. Jerrold L. and
Leona P. Schecter (New York: Little, Brown and Co., 1994), 106–107, 242–243, and CIA
[corporate author], “A Stone for Willy Fisher,” CIA [declassified online] Library, ht t ps: //
www. cia. gov / library / center - for - the - study - of - intelligence / csi - publications / csi - studies
/ studies / fall00 / ch8 Willy Fisher. pdf (accessed January 2015). For more on Fisher, see Giles
Whittell, Bridge of Spies (New York: Broadway Books, 2010). Regarding the issue of race in
Russian studies, see Eric D. Weitz, “Racial Politics without the Concept of Race,” Slavic
Review 61, no. 1(2002):1-29 and Hirsch, “Race without the Practice of Racial Politics,” 30–43.
Mogilner’s Homo Imperii in Rus s ian contained an extremely power ful denunciation of rac-
ism in its Rus sian language edition (cited earlier, pages 494-495). However, it was notice-
ably deleted from the En glish edition of Homo Imperii, see Marina Mogilner, Homo Imperii:
A History of Physical Anthropology in Rus sia (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2013).
- U.S. Military Intelligence after Japan’s surrender interviewed Masao Yoshizumi,
Director of Military Affairs; Seizo Arisue, Director of the Japa nese Intelligence Bureau;
Michitake Yamaoka, Japan’s Military Attaché to Moscow; and Hiroshi Oshima, Japan’s
Military Attaché to Berlin. Japan’s Naval Intelligence Director was also interviewed, name
unknown. Special thanks to James Zobel of MacArthur Archives for the names of the
Japa nese intelligence personnel interviewed to compile the report. - The MacArthur Archives RG6, Box 99, Folder 1, 9.
- “Surprisingly, among the roughly one hundred top NKVD officials between
1934 and 1941, a substantial percentage were from non- Soviet nationalities, with Jews
holding roughly one- third of the top positions between 1935 and 1938, and Poles and Lat-
vians combined occupying another 12 to 14 percent. By the end of the Great Terror, Poles,
Latvians, and Germans had entirely dis appeared from leadership positions while Jews had
shrunk to about 5 percent.” See Gregory, Terror by Quota, 25. - See Raisa Nigai Interview. This author attempted to interview the surviving
daughter and son of Nikolai Nigai without success. - See Anna Vasilevna Ti Interview.
- In 1977 in Tajikistan, there were 31 Korean and 132 German Soviet KGB offi-
cers. See Mitrokhin, “Chekisms,” Tales of the Cheka, 181. Numbers for the Korean KGB of-
ficers in the other Central Asian republics are unknown as they belong to the restricted
NKVD/KGB/FSB archives. Vasiliy Mitrokhin was a defector and a former KGB archivist.
Regarding the Korean and German KGB officers in Tajikistan, some who grew up on the
collective farms with a mixed population were fluent speakers of Tajik. Many of the Ger-
man and Korean kolkhozes from the 1970s onward taught the Tajik language from two to
three times per week for one hour every day. Barter enriched the variety of products and
material life on the collectives, and even the Korean and German farms needed to learn
some Tajik to strengthen the relationships with Tajik collectives. Also, the number of Ger-
mans and Koreans in Tajikistan was relatively small prior to 1991. While in Central Asia I
met many Koreans who grew up on farms and could speak fluently one of the Turkic or
Ira nian languages. The aforementioned “ Uncle Stas” in this chapter spoke Karakalpak flu-
ently. This allowed him to speak to Kazakhs and Kyrgyz. He also spoke a passable Uzbek.