248 Glossaryproclaimed that they would not allow nor practice the chauvinism that occurred under
Tsarism ( t owards the Rus sian Empire’s non- Slavic peoples).
The Great Terror (also called the Terror in this study). The Great Terror (1936–1938)
was a series of repressive purges led by Stalin and Nikolai Ezhov (head of the NKVD)
against three types of state and Stalinist enemies: elites/Old Bolsheviks, anti- Soviet/
socially harmful ele ments (social groups), and the Soviet nationalities.
Gulag (main administration of corrective labor camps). This acronym soon began to
denote the labor camp itself.
Hunghuzi. Chinese bandits (lit. “red beards”).
inorodtsy. Non- Slavic natives in the Rus sian Empire. Inorodtsy in the RFE were the
Siberian natives such as Chukchi, Nanai (Gold), and Evenk. In Imperial Rus sia,
inorodtsy meant “aliens.”
Intervention, the. The Intervention describes the period from August 1918 to October
1922 when Allied expeditionary forces (see Chapter 3 for their countries of origin)
occupied parts of Siberia, the Rus sian Far East, and the Murmansk- Arkhangelsk (called
the Northern Region) regions. Allied forces “intervened” in Rus sia to aid the Czech
Legion, to protect Siberia from pos si ble German advances, and from a desire to help
anti- Bolshevik forces in Rus sia.
K ha rbi nts y. Former employees of the China Eastern Railway throughout Manchuria.
After the sale of the CER in 1935, most Kharbintsy began to return to the USSR.
Kolkhoz. A collective farm; also, a kolkhoznik- collective farmer.
Komsomol. The Communist Youth League; Komsomolets (singular), Komsomoltsy
(plural): Communist Youth League member, age fourteen to twenty- three.
Korenizatsiia. A nativization framework that incorporated vari ous educational and
occupational programs for Soviet minorities during its zenith from 1923 to 1935.
Certain programs and institutions remained even after 1937 for some nationalities.
Kraikom. The Regional Communist Party Committee (an executive branch).
Kulak. A well- to-do peasant who was seen as an exploiter of his community.
Nationality. A people or an ethnic group of people such as Germans, Koreans, Chinese,
Armenians, and Jews. Each one was considered a nationality (natsionalnost) during the
period of the Soviet Union (to 1991).
Natsmen. National minorities.
N E P. New Economic Policy, 1921–1928. NEP was overturned by mass collectivization.
New Soviet Man [Person]. A Soviet citizen committed to the Bolshevik ideals of socialist
revolution, internationalism, and class warfare against bourgeois ele ments, cap i tal ists,
and imperialists.
NKID. The Soviet “ Peoples” Commissariat (Ministry) of Foreign Affairs.
NK V D. The Soviet po liti cal police from 1934 to 1941. The OGPU was its pre de ces sor.
Nomenklatura. The Soviet elites whose names were on a list. The nomenklatura of the
Soviet Union had drivers, cooks, special shops, hospitals, multiple dachas, foreign
currency accounts, et al., for themselves and their families.
OK DVA. The name for the Red Army units in the Rus sian Far East after January 1930.
Previously named ODVA (Special Far Eastern Army), OKDVA is an acronym for the
Special Red Banner Army.
Okr ug. An administrative territory between the size of a raion and an oblast.
The Piedmont Princi ple. Terry Martin’s designation for the Soviet Union’s attempts to
proje ct po liti cal influence through Soviet diaspora minorities with cross- border national
and ethnic ties.