Notes to Pages 157–164 and imported galoshes in Salonika; in 1915 he sold galoshes and owned a knit-
ting factory in his native city. See Annuaire commercial & administratif du Vilayet
de Salonique, 164 ; and Salonik: Topographisch-statistische Übersichten, 150 , 175.
5. “Rüşdü Bey’in eski teşebbüsleri,” Vakit, January 12 , 1924.
6. Gordlevsky, “Zur Frage über die ‘Dönme,’ ” 202. In other interviews, Rüştü
claimed to have been banished at the age of thirty.
7. Ibid., 202 – 3.
8. “Dönmeler hakkında arîza-asıl mesele Selânik Dönmelerinin mübâdeleye
tâbi olunmasını rica etmektir,” Vakit (January 4 , 1924 ).
9. “Ankara’da Karakaşzâde Mehmet Rüşdü Bey’den bilumum Selânik Dön-
melerine açık mektup,” Vakit (January 7 , 1924 ); Sebîlürreşat 23 , no. 583 (January
10 , 1924 ): 174. Sebîlürreşat (The Straight Course) was an Islamist weekly that
reprinted articles of interest from other newspapers.
10. Quoted in Haniogˇlu, Preparation for a Revolution, 89. This Turkish na-
tionalist was a graduate of the Royal Medical Academy and private physician
to the second in the line to the Ottoman throne. That a physician should make
such a comment was typical for the age. Haniogˇlu credits him with transforming
the CUP into a well-organized revolutionary committee. Ibid., 130 – 31 , 136. From
1906 to 1918 , he and another medical doctor, Dr. Nâzım “established a firm, con-
trolling grip over the organizational affairs of the committee.” Ibid., 140.
11. Ahmet Cevat, Haram yiyicilik: Felâketlerimizin esbabı (Istanbul, 1912 – 13 ),
quoted in Ginio, “Port Cities as an Imagined Battlefield.”
12. Talat Paşa, Talat Paşanın anıları (Istanbul: Say Yayınları, 1986 ), 75. Ta-
lat Pasha, who had taught Turkish at an Alliance israélite universelle school in
Edirne and worked in Salonika in the Post and Telegraph Department, was also
a Freemason, joining Macedonia Risorta in 1903. He became an MP, minister of
the interior, head of the CUP, and prime minister. His memoirs were published
as part of an effort to counter the claims of mass murder by Armenians. He was
assassinated by an Armenian in Berlin in 1921. In 1943 his remains were reburied
in Şişli, Istanbul.
13. Sebîlürreşat 23 , no. 583 (January 10 , 1924 ): 174.
14. Ibid. 23 , no. 585 (January 24 , 1924 ): 205.
15. Ibid. 23 , no. 583 , 172 – 73.
16. Ibid., 173.
17. Ibid.
18. Vakit (January 7 , 1924 ); Sebîlürreşat 23 , no. 583 (January 24 , 1924 ): 175.
19. Ibid., 172.
20. Ibid., 173.
21. Gordlevsky, “Zur Frage über die ‘Dönme,’ ” 201.
22. Akşam, January 12 , 1924 ; Sebîlürreşat 23 , no. 584 (January 24 , 1924 ): 189 –
90. When Becerano was the chief rabbi of Edirne and Atatürk was a regimental