Index Freedom Society merges with, 99 ;
Rıza Nur’s opposition to, 142 ; Tanin
periodical of, 97 , 107 , 120 ; Volkan
attacks on, 102 , 105 – 6 , 107
Comte, August, 49
Conker, Nuri, 192
Constitutional Revolution of 1908 ,
90 – 101 ; Dönme in, 90 – 101 , 108 ,
165 , 298 n 25 ; Freemasons in, 90 , 92 ,
93 – 95 , 96 , 99 , 100 ; Jews blamed for,
98 , 100 – 101 , 108 – 10 ; revolutionary
era ushers in era of vilification of
Dönme, 100 – 108 ; secularization of
Ottoman society after, 127 ; Sufis in,
92 – 93. See also Committee of Union
and Progress (CUP)
conversion: conversos, 3 , 14 , 19 , 20 ,
27 , 68 – 69 , 253 , 255 – 56 , 261 , 266 n 11 ;
forced in Spain and Portugal, 3 ;
Jewish converts to Christianity in
Britain and Germany, 181. See also
conversion to Islam
conversion to Islam: of Alevi, 253 ; as
conferring all rights of Muslims, 79 ,
283 n 76 ; of Dönme, x, 4 , 155 , 181 ,
255 ; as at heart of being Ottoman,
18 , 144 , 239 ; of Hemshin, 18 ; Turkish
Republic prohibits, 144
conversos, 3 , 14 , 19 , 20 , 27 , 68 – 69 , 253 ,
255 – 56 , 261 , 266 n 11
cosmopolitanism, 143 – 44 , 187 – 88 , 189 ,
230 , 243 – 54 , 256
Covo, Jacob Hanania, 84
crypto-Jews: antisemitism leads to,
254 ; Atatürk accused of being “secret
Jew,” ix, 110 , 265 n 4 ; conversos, 3 ,
14 , 19 , 20 , 27 , 68 – 69 , 253 , 255 – 56 ,
261 , 266 n 11 ; Dönme seen as, ix–x,
12 , 15 – 20 , 106 , 258 ; Mashhadis, 19 ,
20 , 255 , 272 n 88 ; Yalman attacked as,
222 – 23 , 226 , 235 , 255
crypto-religion: endogamy and
genealogy in, 27 ; as suspect category,
18 – 19. See also crypto-Jews
Cudi Efendi, 56Celal Dervish, 95 , 97 , 100 , 106 , 121
Celal Nuri, 240
Cemal Pasha, 144
cemeteries: demolition of Dönme
cemeteries in Thessaloníki, 219 ,
220 , 246 ; in Istanbul, 185 , 197 – 208 ,
261 – 62 ; in Salonika, 43 , 78 , 125 , 134 ,
175 ; Yalman on separate, 175. See also
tombstones
children: associate only with other
Dönme, 47 ; Gonca-i Edeb stories for,
56 ; periodicals for, 60 , 97 , 279 n 91.
See also schools
Christianity: converts to Islam, 18 ;
deportation of Anatolian Christians,
144 , 145 – 46 , 147 , 150 , 228 ; Dönme
compared with, 5 , 267 n 20 ; equal
participation in administration
granted to Christians, 86 ; in
Istanbul, 145 – 46 , 186 , 188 – 89 ; Jewish
converts in Britain and Germany,
181 ; social limitations for Christians,
79 ; spread of Christian customs,
135 ; Thessaloníki becomes majority
Orthodox city, 214 ; Turkish Republic
prohibits Christians from converting
to Islam, 144 ; wealth tax assessed on
Christians, 230 , 231 , 232 – 33 ; Yalman
on Orthodox Christians, 236
Çocuk Bahçesi (periodical), 60 , 97
Committee of Muslim Unity, 101 – 2 ,
106 , 107
Committee of Union and Progress
(CUP): Atatürk downplays his
connections to, 185 – 86 ; Atatürk
purges leadership of, 185 ; attacks on
former Dönme members of, 221 ;
in Constitutional Revolution of
1908 , 90 – 98 ; countercoup against,
107 – 8 ; Dönme as supporters of,
x–xi, 63 , 91 – 98 , 110 , 227 ; expulsion
of Christians and Jews and ideology
of, 146 – 47 ; founding of, 91 ; Jews
in, 287 n 75 ; and marriage of Sabiha
to Mehmet Zekeriya, 26 ; Ottoman