vances a generally positive interpretation of its
domestic and foreign affairs accomplishments.
Bose, Meena, and Rosanna Perotti, eds.From Cold
War to New World Order: The Foreign Policy of George
H. W. Bush.Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press,
- This volume of scholarly essays examines
the formulation of a new post-Cold War foreign
policy by the Bush administration. The essays ex-
amine the turbulence of world politics during the
Bush presidency and provide analyses of how it re-
sponded to the new realities and attempted to
provide leadership for a “New World Order.”
Bush, George H. W.Looking Forward.Garden City,
N.Y.: Doubleday, 1987. In this pre-1988 election
reflection, Bush provides some valuable personal
insights into his values and goals.
Himelfarb, Richard, and Rosanna Perotti, eds.Prin-
ciple over Politics? The Domestic Policy of the George
H. W. Bush Presidency.Westport, Conn.: Praeger, - Consists of a series of essays on the domestic
problems and issues that confronted Bush during
his presidency—balanced budget, increased taxa-
tion, the homeless, environmental concerns, and
domestic security.
Levantrosser, William, and Rosanna Perotti, eds.A
Noble Calling: Character and the George H. W. Bush
Presidency.Westport, Conn.: Praeger, 2004. A col-
lection of essays on Bush’s leadership and charac-
ter; generally sympathetic to Bush and his vision
for America and humanity.
Medhurst, Martin J., ed.The Rhetorical Presidency of
George H. W. Bush.College Station: Texas A&M
Press, 2006. Speeches, remarks, and evaluation
commentaries focused on Bush’s argumentation
and general style.
Naftali, Timothy.George H. W. Bush.New York: Times
Books, 2007. The best and most readable single-
volume biography on Bush. Sympathetic but not
uncritical.
William T. Walker
See also Arnett, Peter; Baker, James; Cheney, Dick;
Clinton, Bill; CNN coverage of the Gulf War; Cold
War, end of; Elections in the United States, midterm;
Elections in the United States, 1992; Gulf War; Im-
migration Act of 1990; Israel and the United States;
Noriega capture and trial; North American Free
Trade Agreement (NAFTA); Perot, H. Ross; Powell,
Colin; Quayle, Dan; Recession of 1990-1991; Russia
and North America.
Business and the economy in
Canada
Definition Structure and functioning of the
Canadian economy, including the production
and distribution of goods, services, and incomes
and related public policiesCanada has only one-tenth the population of the United
States, and its economy tends to reflect this fact, at about 10
to 11 percent of the U.S. economy. The Canadian economy
is closely tied to that of the United States (with many
branches of U.S. firms) and the investment in Canadian
business often originates with U.S. companies. These facts
held true during the 1990’s.Overall, Canada’s gross domestic product (GDP),
the common measurement of the size of the econ-
omy, increased by 43 percent during the 1990’s. By
contrast, the United States’ GDP grew by 67 percent
during the same period, but this largely reflected a
much greater rate of inflation than occurred in Can-
ada. Although Canada’s GDP increased every year
during the 1990’s, the growth was slowest during the
early years when Canada experienced conditions
that, in some sectors, amounted to a recession.Sectoral Change During the 1990’s, Canada’s
economy continued the process begun several de-
cades earlier as it evolved into a mature, service-
based economy. The primary sector of the econ-
omy—agriculture, forestry, and fishing—exhibited
little growth. Fishing declined such that it engaged a
smaller portion of the populace and provided less to
economic growth than it had in previous decades.
Because Canada stretches along the northern
border of the United States, its economy tends to be
more regionally concentrated. The most prosperous
provinces, Ontario and Quebec, are in the center of
the country, where most of manufacturing is lo-
cated. Ever since the signing of the Auto Pact in
1965, which permitted the tariff-free shipment of
cars and car parts between Canada and the United
States, that portion of the North American auto in-
dustry located in Canada has been a major part of
Canada’s manufacturing industry. This continued
to be the case in the 1990’s, although production
tended to shift from the assembly of complete vehi-
cles to the manufacture of components.
Manufacturing also diversified in this central sec-
tion of Canada. Electronics and telecommunica-132 Business and the economy in Canada The Nineties in America