ruption in the Clinton-Reno Justice Department. Wash-
ington, D.C.: Regnery, 2001. A critical look at the
Justice Department under Reno, including three
chapters focusing on the campaign finance scan-
dal and providing considerable details on all its
aspects.
Lowry, Rich.Legacy: Paying the Price for the Clinton
Years. Washington, D.C.: Regnery, 2003. A critical
look at the Clinton administration, including the
various scandals.
Morris, Dick, and Eileen McGann.Because He Could.
New York: ReganBooks, 2004. Biography of Clin-
ton as politician by a longtime aide and friend
involved in the 1996 campaign. Includes a brief
discussion of each scandal.
Smith, Sally Bedell.For Love of Politics: Bill and Hillar y
Clinton—The White House Years. New York: Ran-
dom House, 2007. A study of the Clinton adminis-
tration, with a special focus on the dynamics be-
tween the Clintons.
Timothy Lane
See also Brown, Ron; China and the United States;
Clinton, Bill; Clinton’s impeachment; Clinton’s scan-
dals; Elections in the United States, midterm; Elec-
tions in the United States, 1996; Foreign policy of
the United States; Gore, Al; Morris, Dick; Reno,
Janet; Republican Revolution.
Campbell, Kim
Identification Prime minister of Canada, June-
November, 1993
Born March 10, 1947; Port Alberni, British
Columbia, Canada
Campbell was Canada’s nineteenth prime minister and the
first woman to serve in that position.
Kim Campbell first emerged on the Canadian politi-
cal scene at the municipal level when she became a
school trustee in the city of Vancouver in 1980. A law-
yer by training, her next move was to the provincial
legislature as a member of the governing Social
Credit Party. Her meteoric political rise continued
when in 1988 she was elected as a Progressive Con-
servative member of Parliament to the government
of Prime Minister Brian Mulroney. Mulroney quickly
appointed her as a cabinet minister.
It was in the 1990’s that her ascent reached its
highest point, and Campbell, as a woman, estab-
lished a number of political firsts. In 1990, she be-
came the first woman appointed as minister of jus-
tice in the Canadian government. In that capacity
she succeeded in passing legislation to strengthen
gun control and to protect the rights of victims of
sexual assault. In 1993, she became the first ever fe-
male minister of defense. In contrast to her growing
profile, the government and Prime Minister Mul-
roney in particular became increasingly unpopular.
In February, 1993, Mulroney announced his retire-
ment as prime minister, and Campbell, despite her
short time in the Progressive Conservative Party,
quickly became the favorite to succeed him. At a
leadership convention in June, 1993, she became
leader of the party and, because the party controlled
the government, prime minister. In her short term
in office, she reorganized the government before
seeking an electoral mandate in a general election144 Campbell, Kim The Nineties in America
Kim Campbell is sworn into office as Canadian prime minister on
June 25, 1993.(AP/Wide World Photos)