The Bulgars and the Steppe Empire in the Early Middle Ages

Map 2

. General map of Central Asia, 4th–8th century (aft er History of Civilizations of Central Asia 1996, map 1).

maps xi

Kash

Dka

arya

CAUCASUS

ARALSEA

ARABIAN

SEA

KARA KUM

TEHRAN

ASHGABAT

SOGDIANABukhara

PAMIRS

Samarkand

CHACH

TASHKENTUSHRUSHANA

BISHKEK

Chu

DZUNGARIA

Balkhash

GANSU

Ch’ang-an

GOBI DESERT

Koko Nor

Lop Nor

Ta r i m

Ili

Yu m e n

Ye n i s e y

SelengeOrk

hon

Baikal

ULAN BATOR

Dunhuang Bukhara

Samarkand(Afrasiab)

Hami

Kocho,Tu r f a n

Karashahr(Agni)

Kucha

ALMATY

SEMIR HYE

Aksu

Kashgar(Su-le)

ORDOS

Mashhad

Merv Herat

MARGIANA

KYZYL KUM

KHWARIZM

TRANSOXANIA

FARS(PERSIA)

Indus

mandHel

Chen

ab

Murghab Te j e n

Zerafshan

SEISTAN

PANJAB

TIBET

500 km

Ganges

UTTARPRADESHYa muna

KASHMIR

RAJASTHAN

DELHI

Allahabad

Nalanda

Narmada

Ta p t i

Kandahar

KABUL

HINDU KUSHKAPISA

XINJIANG

T’IEN SHANTAKLAMAKAN

WAKHAN

Jalalabad

Gilgit

ISLAMABAD

GANDHARA

KARAKORUM

KERMAN

KHURASAN

Adiabene(Mosul)

Ecbatana(Hamadan)

Abarshahr (Nishapur)

Hormizd Ardashir

(Ahvaz)

Ardashir-Khvarreh

1 (Firuzabad)

Urmia

5

6

29

2830

31

32

26

25

2427

78

22

33

34

39

38

36

(^3735)
46
47
4344
45
9
21 20 Va k h s h
(^10) CHAGANIYANhan DaryaSurkKafirnigan
11
12
(^135123)
1617
1918
(^1514)
Te r m e z
DUSHANBE
Balkh
2
3
4
50
49
Khotan
DAILAM
DA
SH
T-
I^ K
AV
IR
TUR
NATSIHIDAN
SAC
AES NAIP
Syr^ D
arya^
(Jaxart
es)
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4041
42
48
D (^) natohK
.
lloeY
Rw
eriv
UK
LN
NU
S
AH
N
H
IM
A
LA
Y
A
Issyk-kül
FER
GH
ANA
Amu^ Da
rya^ (O
xus)
TOK
HRA
ATIS
N
Zera
fsha
n
Amu^
Darya^ (
Oxus
)
TO
KH
AR
IS
AT
N

• Sites1. Takht-i Sulaiman2. Taq-i Bustan3. Taq-i Kasra4. Kuh-i Khwaja5. Geok-tepe6. Gyaur-kala

7. Toprak-kala 8. Berkut-kala 9. Paikent10. Panjikent11. Mug12. Zamm13. Balalyk-tepe14. Fayaz-tepe, Kara-tepe15. Zang-tepe


8. Kala-i Kafirnigan17. Kafyr-kala18. Khulbuk19. Ajina-tepe20. Khujand21. Tunkat22. Ak-tepe23. Soazma-kala24. Kakrak


9. Bamiyan26. Begram27. Fondukistan28. Lashkar-i Bazar29. Ghazni30. Tepe Sardar31. Hadda32. Sirkap (Taxila)33. Taraz


10. Ak-Bashim35. Kyzyl36. Su-bashi37. Duldur-Aqur38. Ming-oï (Shorchuk)39. Yarkhoto40. Bezeklyk41. Astana42. Toyoq


11. Lou-lan44. Miran45. Shan-shan46. Niya47. Dandan-oïlig48. Rawak49. Ajanta50. Junagadh51. Dilberjin