12 introduction
the relations between periphery or border, and the center)^23 as well
as L. Chvyr,^24 A. Khazanov,^25 R. Cribb,^26 Th. Barfield,^27 N. di Cosmo,^28
P. Golden,^29 O. Pritsak,^30 O. Lattimore,^31 D. Sinor,^32 F. Hartog,^33
S. Klyashtornyi,^34 А. Bartha,^35 and others.^36
(^23) Lotman 1992b.
(^24) Chvyr 1996, 383–433; Chvyr 2001, 309–323.
(^25) Khazanov 1994b; Khazanov 1994.
(^26) Cribb 1991, esp. 12–14 (theories concerning the origin of the nomadic, extensive
type of cattle breeding), 15–22 (different definitions of the nomadic type of pastoral-
ism), 23–43 (essence of the nomadic economy). Still, for the origin of nomadism a
classic study is, Khazanov 1994b, 85–118.
(^27) Barfield 1989; Barfield 1993; Barfield 1991 (Vol. 2), 21–62.
(^28) di Cosmo 1994, 1092–1126; di Cosmo 2002.
(^29) Golden 1992.
(^30) Pritsak 1981b.
(^31) Lattimore 1988 (1st ed., 1940), esp. chapters 2, 4, 6; Lattimore 1962.
(^32) See Sinor (ed.) 1990.
(^33) See Hartog 1980.
(^34) Kliashtornyi and Sultanov 1992; Kliashtornyi and Sultanov 2000.
(^35) Bartha 1988, 151–174.
(^36) Jagchid and Symons 1989. As regards the symptomatic Chinese name for ‘bar-
rier’ see, Honey 1990, 174—in his view, it was wrongly translated into English as
“pass”; it meant, he adds, a “pass in the hills that was barricaded to keep... foreigners
out and... Chinese in”.