ISSN 1872-
ISBN 978 90 04 18001 7
Copyright 2010 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, Th e Netherlands.
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printed in the netherlands
Cover illustrations
Front: Golden medallion of Omurtag (r. 814–831), from Veliko Turnovo, Bulgaria
Back: Bronze rosette from Pliska, Bulgaria
With kind permission of the National Archeological Institute with Museum, Sofi a.
Th is book is printed on acid-free paper.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Stepanov, Tsvetelin.
[Bulgarite i stepnata imperiia prez rannoto srednovekovie. English]
Th e Bulgars and the steppe empire in the early Middle Ages : the problem of the
others / by Tsvetelin Stepanov.
p. cm. — (East Central and Eastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 450–1450 ; v. 8)
Originally published in Bulgarian: Sofi ia : Izdatelska kushta Gutenberg, 2005.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-90-04-18001-7 (hbk. : alk. paper) 1. Bulgaria—Civilization.
- Bulgaria—History—To 1393. 3. Steppes—Bulgaria—History—To 1500. 4. Bulgars
(Turkic people)—History—To 1500. 5. Other (Philosophy)—Social aspects—
Bulgaria—History—To 1500. 6. Bulgars (Turkic people)—Social conditions. - Bulgaria—Social conditions. 8. Bulgaria—Ethnic relations. I. Title. II. Series.
DR63.S7313 2010
305.89’431—dc
2009049476