118 CHAPTER 2
7th century.162 The spearheads of this type from the Pókaszepetk cemetery
are dated to the first half of the 7th century,163 with the upper limit of their
use being around the middle of the 7th century.164 Similar spearheads are well
known from the Lombard and Gepid cemeteries of the first half of 6th century,
and in Merovingian cemeteries of Germany where they were used between the
middle of the 6th century until the first decades of the 7th century.165
The broad lenticular spearheads were continuously used during the Middle166
and Late phases.167 Their geographical distribution shifted slightly northwards
162 The grave No. 223 of Kölked–Feketekapu A cemetery is dated by a buckle with shield-base
pin and broad lobular belt-mounts to the second third of the 7th century (Kiss 1996, Taf.
50). The buckle is dated by the Phocas-solidus of grave No. 116 of Jutas. (Bóna 1982–83, 133.
Kiss 1996, 203) This buckle type belongs to the 7th phase of the South-German chronol-
ogy of Ursula Koch (Koch 2001, 87), while the broad lobular belt-mounts are known not only
from the Early but from the Middle phase burials, like Gyenesdiás. Analogies for this mount
were listed by Attila Kiss (1996, 218). Grave No. 107 from the same cemetery is dated by
stamped silver belt-mounts with dot-comma ornaments and sword with silver P-shaped
suspension loops (Kiss 1996, Taf. 34–35). The belt-set is dated by analogy (Akalan hoard)
to the second quarter of the 7th century (Werner 1974, 121. Taf. VII; Garam 2001, 119). A
similar spearhead was found in grave No. 259 of Kölked A together with a Salona-Histria
type buckle, stamped belt-set and Byzantine double-edged sword with crossguard cast of
copper alloy (Kiss 1996, Taf. 57). Salona-Histria type buckles are usually dated to the last
third of the 6th century and beginning of the 7th century, although the example from
Kölked is later, probably dated to the middle of the 7th century according to Uenze (1966,
146). Éva Garam suggests that such buckles disappear after the first third of the 7th cen-
tury (Garam 2001, 109). The sword was dated to the second third of the 7th century both
by Attila Kiss (1987a, 204) and Éva Garam (2001, 159). The spearhead from grave No. 406
is dated by purse-buckle decorated by animal figures (dogs) cast of copper alloy which is
characteristic of the second third of the 7th century (Uenze 1966, 156; Garam 2001, 111–112).
163 The grave No. 35 of Pókaszepetk (Sós – Salamon 1995, Pl. IV) is dated by trapezoid bronze-
foil pendants with dotted edges which is characteristic find of the Martynovka type
hoards and date the burial to the first half of the 7th century. Similar pendants are known
from several Early Avar cemeteries of Transdanubia, such as Oroszlány, Pécs-Köztemető
and Cserkút (Sós – Salamon 1995, 46). Grave No. 121 is dated by strap-ends cut out of silver
foil to the Early phase (Sós – Salamon 19951995, Pl. XIII. 15–19).
164 Grave No. 360 from Pókaszepetk is dated by purse-buckle with animal figures. (Sós –
Salamon 1995, Pl. XXII: 12. for the chronology of the buckle type: Garam 2001, 111–112).
165 Schretzheim I–III. phase: 545/550–590/600 (Koch 1977, 37, 109–110); South German 5th
phase: 530–600 (Koch 2001, 62, 75).
166 The spearhead from grave No. 545B from Zalakomár is dated to the Middle phase (Szőke
2002, 77. 8/a).
167 These spearheads are smaller than the weapons of the Early phase: while the average
length of Early examples is around 30 cm, the weapons dated to the Late phase are
smaller in size, their average length being between 15 and 20 cm.