How Europeans Checked the Gunpowder Revolution
These drawings by a French architect of the nineteenth century, E. Viollet-le-Duc,
show how an emergency response to walls crumbling under gunfire was developed into
a new style of fortification that made sieges once again long and difficult to conduct.
The drawing upper left shows a shallow ditch and emergency wall, with gun ports,
erected behind a newly made breach, thus confronting the attackers with a further
formidable obstacle to their capture of the city. Below is a cross-section of the fully
brent
(Brent)
#1