The Miliwry Settlementshe re,·erse direction.^78 In most jurisdictional conflicts the men with arms at
ir disposal will probably have got the better of the argument-especially
!n: they commanded the police.7^9 On the other hand, when P. S. :'vleshcher-
' the Kazan' military govt:1 uur, used croops co mamcain the town's piped
er 'illpply, he was reprimanded on the grounds chat he had exceeded his
1pe1ence, for soldiers were supposed to be used only to build such facilities.^80
elicace distinctions of this kind were natu~ally very difficult to enforce.
· officials concerned sought to expand their polic~ powers to the maximum
t. In 1798 the St. Petersburg military governor (then P. A. Palen) was
n che right to confirm decisions of the civil courts and to manage a
ifkd network of police inspectors and sub-inspectors, who were appointed
seers' (khozyayeva) of their districts. They were instructed to deal with
1rbances of the peace 'in a mild and non-violent (tikhiy) manner' ,^81 but
! left to find out in practice how far they could really go. Other statutes
~ht to lay down the powers of junior military officials such as town comman-
s (a reversion to the Perrine precedent) and town majors (p/ats-mayory).
former had the privilege of reporting personally to the sovereign.^82
tul" s unhappy reign with its violent end is significant in administrative
1ry because it showed that bureaucratization and militarism were insuffici-
indeed literally fatal. Unfortunately this was not the lesson learned by his
;uccessors. Both Alexander I and Nicholas I by and large walked in their
~r's footsteps, although they did not emulate his provocative excesses.^83
ander' s reformist intentions were noble but his practice was often very
rent-as his biographers have consistently noted, and as we have seen in
d to various issues of major concern to the troops. In the realm of local
·nment he tilted the balance between the military and civilian element in
ir of the former. This shift was not entirely deliberate, but in part
Jonse to the Napoleonic challenge; however, the process began before the
ial threat materialized. In 1801 Alexander ordained that military governors
d auromatically have control of the police apparatus and set up new
licrions for them in western frontier areas.^84 Military influence did not
when the wars ended in 1814, although this time there was no general
)f demobilized officers into the civil service, as had been the case after
r conflicts, since the army's strength was maintained at a high level.
)Z xw. 18400 (25 Feb. 1798).
:nai!1 military governors were accorded the title of 'chiefs for civil affairs'
's1111n1shchiye po grazhdanskoy chast 'yu): cf. PSZ xxiv. 17778 (I Feb. 1797), uvi. 19609. W>IJJ. The St. Petersburg city police was placed under the military governor, but then
-red :o his civilian counterpart: xxiv. 18296 (28 Dec. 1797), xxvi. 19671 (30 Nov. 1800).
;z .\:,iv. 1 i878 ( 18 Mar. 1797).
;z X\', 18663 (12 Sept. 1798), VI§ 20; for the Moscow counterpart sec xxv. 18822 (17 Jan.
{ero-hkin, lstoriya gos. uchre~hdeniy, p. 136.
usintl] Zapiski, p. 113; VE xiii. 68; PSZ xxiv. 17777 ( 1 Feb. 1797).
is r·•int is de,eloped in our "\Iii. Style'.
Z \'.i. 19866(I1 May 1801), :!0004, § 3, 20005, §§ 4, 5 (both 9 Sep!. 1801).