Orientalism and Empire. North Caucasus Mountain Peoples and the Georgian Frontier, 1845-1917

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preface

1 Aleksandr Kondrashov, “S kem voiuiut nashi soldaty?” Argumenty i

Fakty5, no. 1006 (February 2000): 5.

2 Nino Chekhoshvili, “Zdes’ khoteli zhit’,” Kavkazskii Aktsent, no. 10 (1–15

May 2000): 4.

3 Islam Saidaev, “Vinovaty li Chechentsy v tom, chto vynuzhdeny zashchish-

chat’ svoiu zhizn’,” Chechenskaia Pravda 3, no. 3 (February 2000): 11. See also

Alf Grannes, ‹Persons of Caucasian Nationality’ – Russian Negative Stereo-

types,” in Høiris and Yürükel, Contrasts and Solutions in the Caucasus, 18–33.

4 Yekaterina Grigoryeva, “No Talks with Aslan Maskhadov,” Moscow News,

no. 16 (26 April–2 May 2000): 2.

5 Cited in Lars Funch, “Cultural Boundaries and Identity Building in the

North Caucasus,” in Høiris and Yürükel, Contrasts and Solutions in the

Caucasus, 108–9.

chapter one

1 gviarf, f. vua, op. 1, 1841–42, d. 6440, Delo “Po raportu Raevskago,”
Report from Raevskii to Chernyshev, 15 March 1841, l. 2.
2 sssa, f. 433, op. 1, 1872–73, d. 19, Delo “Sochinenie uchitelei shkoly
Obshchestva za 1872 god,” Report, 1872, l. 4.
3 Ibid., l. 5.
4 Ibid., l. 6.
5 On the literary construction of the region, see Layton, Russian Literature
and Empire; Halbach, “Die Bergvölker (gorcy) als Gegner und Opfer”;
Ram, “Prisoners of the Caucasus.” For a discussion of imaginative litera-
ture and history writing, see Wiener, “Treating ‘Historical’ Sources as
Literary Texts.”
6 See Altstadt, The Azerbaijani Turks; Swietochowski, Russian Azerbaijan;
Suny, The Making of the Georgian Nation; Suny, Looking toward Ararat.
7 Narochnitskii, Istoriia narodov severnogo Kavkaza, 55; Peoples and Languages
of the Caucasus; Betrozov, Etnicheskaia istoriia Adygov, 45–6.
8 Volkova, Etnicheskii sostav naseleniia severnogo Kavkaza v xviii-nachale xx
veka, 15–44. On the history of the term “Cherkes,” probably of Turkic ori-
gin, see Betrozov, Etnicheskaia istoriia Adygov, 225–6.
9 G.V. Sollogub, “Predislovie,” zkoirgo 1 (1852): ii.
10 Said, Orientalism. Note Roland Barthes’s attention to the place in the
Western imagination of exotic Easterners, who served not as “the object,
the term of genuine consideration, but simply a cipher, a convenient sign
of communication” (from A Barthes Reader, 155), and of course Michel
Foucault’s sustained interest in epistemological order and the importance
of exclusion to the formation of identity.

Notes to pages ix–5