171On other regime officials, see gviarf, f. 14719, op. 4, 1864, d. 87, Delo “O
podgotovke desanta k Ubikhskim beregam na sluchai voiny s Turtsiei,”
Letter from commander of Main Staff of Caucasus Army to commander
of Artillery, 17 December 1863, ll. 1–2.
89 Dzidzariia, Makhadzhirstvo, 191, 283.
90 “Izvestie o poslednikh voennykh deistviiakh na zapadnom kavkaze,”
Kavkaz, no. 44 (11 June 1864):265.
91 gviarf, f. 400, op. 1, 1864, d. 4736, Delo “Otchet po glavnomu shtabu o
voennykh deistviiakh voisk Kavkazskoi armii,” General situation in the
Caucasus, 1863, ll. 9–10.
92 Ibid., Military activities, 1863, ll. 26–30; Information about our [Russian]
losses, 1864, l. 34.
93 Ibid., Emigration of natives of Kuban oblast to Turkey, l. 61.
94 K. Geins, “Pshekhskii otriad,” Voennyi Sbornik, no. 1 (January 1866):8.
95 A. Lilov, “Poslednye gody bor’by Russkikh s gortsami na zapadnom
Kavkaze,” Kavkaz, no. 19 (15 March 1867):110.
96 Dzidzariia, Makhadzhirstvo, 210.
97 Volkova, Etnicheskii sostav, 221, and confirmed by a document from sssa
reproduced in Kumykov, Vyselenie Adygov v Turtsiiu – posledstvie
Kavkazskoi voiny.
98 Berzhe, “Vyselenie gortsev s Kavkaza,” 162; Megrelidze, Zakavkaz’e v
Russko-Turetskoi voine 1877–1878 gg., 56; Dzidzariia, Makhadzhirstvo, 210.
99 Sherbin, Istoriia Kubanskogo kazach’ego polka, 2:14 (470,000); Esadze,
Istoricheskaia zapiska, 1:51–2 (418,000).
100 N.I. Voronov, “’Kavkaz,’ gazeta politicheskaia i literaturnaia za 1863,
1864 i 1865 gody,” zkoirgo 7, no. 1 (1866), part 2:6.
101 gviarf, f. 400, op. 1, 1864, d. 4736, Information about the number of ex-
iled mountaineers of Kuban oblast, l. 77–9.
102 High figures are provided by Totoev, “K voprosu o pereselenii Osetin v
Turtsiiu (1859–1865)” (700,000 to 750,000 from 1859 to 1865); Laipanov,
“K istorii pereseleniia,” 113–14 (307,000 for the Cherkes emigration from
1859 to 1865, 800,000 for all of the Caucasus in the 1860s, and 1,800,000
for all of the Caucasus throughout the nineteenth century); Berhok,
Tarihte Kafcasya, 528 (1 million); Karpat, “The Status of the Muslims un-
der European Rule,” 11 (1.2–2 million from 1862 to 1870); and A.Kh.
Kasumov, “Okonchanie Kavkazskoi voiny i vyselenie Adygov v
Turtsiiu,” in Kavkazskaia voina, 76 (398,955 western Adygei from 1858 to
1864 and perhaps 1 million from 1800 to 1864). For figures from Western
scholarship, see Lang, A Modern History of Soviet Georgia, 98 (600,000);
Kazemzadeh, “Russian Penetration of the Caucasus,” 262 (250,000);
Henze, “Fire and Sword in the Caucasus,” 32–5 (400,000 “Circassians”
and 600,000 people from the North Caucasus generally); Henze,
“Circassia in the Nineteenth Century,” 269 (1 million “Circassians”);
Notes to pages 25–6