18179 D.A. Tolstoi, “O merakh k obrazovaniiu naseliaiushchikh Rossiiu inorodt-
sev,” 1558; Dowler, Classroom and Empire, 63–80; Vorontsov-Dashkov,
Vsepoddanneishaia zapiska, 108.
80 sssa, f. 493, op. 1, 1899–1901, d. 951, Delo “Ob otkrytii dukhovnago
uchilishcha v Abkhazii,” Prince Golitsyn to Pobedonostsev, 27 February
1901, l. 11.
81 The 1870 regulations remained technically a directive from the Ministry of
Education rather than part of the Code of Laws, and of course they were
frequently challenged throughout the imperial era. See Dowler, Classroom
and Empire, 83, 163–70.
82 sssa, f. 493, op. 1, 1887–88, d. 489, Delo “Otchety o missionerskoi dei-
atel’nosti,” Report of Svan religious official, 1886, l. 38.
83 Ibid., Report, 12 June 1887, l. 2.
84 Michael Khodarkovsky, ‹Ignoble Savages and Unfaithful Subjects’:
Constructing Non-Christian Identities in Early Modern Russia,” in
Brower and Lazzerini, Russia’s Orient, 18–20.
85 Slezkine, “Savage Christians or Unorthodox Russians?” 17.
86 sssa, f. 493, op. 1, 1862–68, d. 33, Delo “O uspekhakh deistvii mission-
erov,” Report, 30 January 1862, l. 4.
87 Ibid., Report, ll. 9–10.
88 Ibid., Document from Gabriel to council of society, 13 December 1868, l.38.
89 Ibid., 1887–88, d. 489, Delo “Otchety o missionerskoi deiatel’nosti,”
Report, 12 June 1887, l. 10.
90 Ibid., 1868, d. 186, Delo “O prikhodskikh shkolakh vedomstva
Obshchestvo,” Report of council of society, 16 January 1868, l. 3.
91 sssa, f. 5, op. 1, 1865, d. 177, Delo “O deistviiakh ... Soveta Obshchestva,”
Note from the printing house, June 8, 1865, l. 4; Letter from society to
Financial Department, 4 June 1865, l. 44.
92 M. Iluridze, “Istoricheskii ocherk deiatel’nosti pravoslavnago missioner-
stva na Kavkaze v xviii i xix st.,” Pastyr’, no. 5 (1889):5.
93 sssa, f. 433, op. 1, 1870, d. 7, Delo “Ob uchiteliakh shkol Obshchestva,”
Essay, l. 89.
94 Ibid., Document from teacher of Khumalagsk school, 3 December 1870, ll.
95–6.
95 sssa, f. 433, op. 1, 1872–73, d. 19, Report, ll. 34–40.
96 sssa, f. 493, op. 1, 1887–88, d. 489, Delo “Otchety o missionerskoi deia-
tel’nosti,” Report, 12 June 1887, l. 10.
97 Ibid., ll. 16–17.
98 See Eklof, Russian Peasant Schools.
99 American agents of the Department of the Interior were similarly frus-
trated with the Native Americans. An agent to the Sac and Fox tribes com-
plained in 1882 that the “Indians scare the children by telling them if they
attend school they will be taken from their home and made soldiers”
(from Adams, Education for Extinction, 29).
Notes to pages 50–3